ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important for the evaluation of patients with kidney disease. Some studies suggest that GFR estimated from serum cystatin C (Cys C) is more accurate than that from serum creatinine (SCr). For Cys C to be used for this purpose; normal values need to be determined for various populations. This study determined the serum Cys C levels and reference intervals (RIs) of a Nigerian population.Materials and Methods: Three hundred and four healthy adult subjects were analysed. Serum Cys C and SCr were determined by particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay and modified Jaffe kinetic method respectively. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0 (SPSS for Windows Inc.; Chicago; IL; USA). Estimation of RIs was done as per the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry guidelines.Results: The RIs for Cys C were 0.65-1.12 mg/L (median 0.86) for males; 0.62-1.12 mg/L (median 0.85) for females and 0.64-1.12 mg/L (median 0.86) for all the subjects. The RIs for SCr were 73-110 ?mol/L (median 89) for males; 65-102 ?mol/L (median 82) for females and 66-106 ?mol/L (median 86) for all the subjects. There was no significant gender difference in the RIs for serum Cys C; (P 0.05). The SCr levels and RI were significantly lower in females than in males (P 0.001).Conclusion: This study has determined the serum Cys C levels and RI of an indigenous healthy adult black population in Nigeria
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Adult , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) accounting for 40-66of cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in adult Nigerians with CKD at presentation and to compare findings with those of hypertensive patients with normal renal function. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with CKD were studied; comprising 43 hypertensives and 43 age- and sexmatched healthy subjects as controls. Clinical; laboratory; and echocardiographic variables were measured. RESULTS: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was present in 62.8of CKD patients; 79.1of hypertensive patients and 25.6of normal controls (p 0.001. There was a positive correlation between left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) and systolic blood pressure (SBP); diastolic blood pressure (DBP); mean arterial pressure (MAP); severity of SBP; severity of DBP in CKD patients but not in hypertensive patients. There was a negative correlation between LVDF and age in CKD patients and hypertensive patients. Linear multiple regression analysis showed age as the only predictor of LVDD. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients at first presentation to a nephrologist in Nigeria