Prevalence of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients

This study was done to determine prevalence of dental anomalies in orthodontics in a sample of Peshawar population

Panoramic [OPG]examination was done of150patients on standard light boxes, undergood lighting conditions, standardized screen brightness and resolution to determine the dental anomalies. Patients' dental records and radiographs were examined in order to detect the dental anomalies: congenitally missing teeth, impactions, ectopic eruption, supernumerary teeth, dilacerations, microdontia, and any other unusual finding that can be assessed with OPG. Cleft lip and palate, syndromic and patients with metabolic disorders were excluded from the study

Mean age calculated was 17.11 +/- 3.1 years. Maximum age was 30 years and minimum age was 13. There were 70 male cases and 80 cases of female. Male to Female ratio 1:1.14. Eighty nine [59.3%] patients had dental anomalies of various types. Forty-two patients [28%] were found with missing teeth. Third molar was most common missing tooth. Third molar impaction carried the highest percentage [10.3%] followed by maxillary canine [4.1%]. Six cases had supernumerary teeth [4.1%] while three have odontomes [2%]

Panoramic radiograph have a key role in diagnosis of many dental anomalies. In this sample 59.3% patients have dental anomalies of different kinds

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C seropositivity in patients presenting for dental treatment

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the patients who came for dental treatment to Bacha Khan Medical and Dental College, Mardan. Four hundred patients formed the study group. The blood samples of all these patients were taken in the hospital laboratory and were screened for HBsAg and Anti HCV using immunochromatography [ICT] method. The blood was collected by authorized technician and the sera were separated from the coagulated blood by centrifugation at 5000 rpm[revolution per minute] for 10 minutes at 4[degree]C and stored at -20[degree]C for further use. The HBV screening was based on the detection of antibodies against the related virus in the sera using enzyme immunoassays. HCV test is based on detecting viral specific antibodies in serum samples. Of 400 patients examined, 180 [45%] were females and 220[55%] were males. Their ages ranged from 15 to 60 years with a mean age of 33.61 +/- 15.41 years. The highest prevalence was found in lab. technicians and drivers [HCV=18% HBS=12%]. The prevalence of HCV and HBV was nearly equal [HCV=7.75% and HBV = 7.0%]. There was no statistical significant difference in prevalence of HCV and HBV in male and females

Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction [TMD] among university students

Temporomandibular disorders [TMD] refers to group of disorders characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint [TMJ], the periauricular area, or the muscles of mastication; TMJ noises [sounds] during mandibular function; and deviations or restriction in mandibular range of motion. Temporomandibular disorders are common among all ages. Symptoms have been found more frequently in females than males. The aim of this study was to use a cross sectional epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD among university students in the permanent dentition, males and females, through clinical examination and self-reported questionnaire. Data were collected using a pre-structured proforma from 500 students from the Abdul Wall Khan University, Mar dan. Meaning and terms used in the proforma were explained to each student by the investigator. Age, gender and history for symptoms of the TMDs like pain in preauricular region, clicking sound, limited mouth opening[less than 40 mm], and chewing difficulty; were filled by the students. Detailed examination for signs of TMDs was done by two investigators. The collected were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all variables. Chi-square test was applied for comparison the variables [TMDs signs and symptoms] gender wise. P<0.005 was considered significant. Out of 500 participants 50% were males and 50% were females. Only 19% students had signs and symptoms of TMDs. Clicking sound was the most common sign of TMD in both genders. There was no statistical difference between the two genders [p> 0.005]. Headache and TMJ sound were the most common symptoms in both genders. There was also no statistical difference in symptoms of TMDs between the two genders [p> 0.005]

Evaluation of mandibular length in subjects with class one and class two skeletal patterns using the cervical vertebrae maturation

The prevention, interception, and correction of dentofacial deformities also depend largely on a proper understanding of craniofacial growth and development. For growth modification to be successful, it is absolutely essential that its start at the right time. The aim of the present study was to assess mandibular size and cervical vertebrae maturation in subjects of both genders with Class one and Class two malocclusions. A total 100 patients; 50 males and 50 females having skeletal class one and two malocclusion were included in the study. Mandibular length was measured in millimeter on lateral cephalograms of each patient. Cervical Vertebral Maturation staging was done according to Baccetti et al. The comparison of mandibular length among gender and class of malocclusion was done. Out of total 100 patients half were males and half females. The age ranged from 8 to 15 years +/- 1.97. The commonest age range was 10-13 years. Mandibular lengths were greater in males from females in skeletal class one malocclusion whole no difference in skeletal class two. The longest length was in CS5. Statistically significant difference was found in mandibular among the gender but not among class of malocclusion

Clinical crown length, width and the width/length ratio in the maxillary anterior region in a sample of Mardan population

The objective of this study was to determine clinical crowns length, width and width/length ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth and to determine standard of ideal tooth dimensions. Crown length, width and width/length ratio was measured of 100 casts of patients. All of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth present, anatomically whole, without restorations that altered their dimensions, from which good diagnostic casts could be obtained, and where the anatomic elements were well defined were included in the study. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 version. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for numerical variables like age, tooth width, length and width/length ratio. Pearson correlation test was applied for symmetry of teeth sizes between left and right of arch. The sample composed of 50% males and 50% females with gender ratio 1: 1. The mean age was 23 +/- 2.3 years. The mean crown length was 10.22 mm for right central incisor, 7.96 mm for right lateral incisor and 8.88 mm right canine. The left side teeth crown width was close to right side. The mean crown width was 7.99 mm for right central incisor, 7.96 mm for right lateral incisor and 8.28 mm right canine. The left side teeth crown length was nearly equal to right side crown width. The mean crown width/length ratio was 0.91 for right central incisor, 0.72 for right lateral incisor and 0.71 right canines. The left side teeth crown width/length was nearly equal to right side crown width. Interclass correlation was almost perfect and statistically significant. The tooth dimension showed less variation [low standard deviation value] for crown length, width, and width/length ratio; so it will help the clinician in restorative procedures

Applicability of Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis in a Peshawar sample

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Tanaka and Johnston method in predicting the size of unerupted permanent canines and premolars in a section of Peshawar Population. Convenience sampling technique was utilized for collection of data from 100 patient's casts on printed proforma. The teeth were measured using an electronic digital caliper with an accuracy of +/- 0.01 mm. The predictions of the width of the canines and the first and second premolars in both arches were made with the Tanaka-Johnston analysis. For the maxillary arch, 11 mm was added to half of the total value of the mesiodistal widths of the four mandibular incisors, whereas 10.5 mm was added to half of the total value of the four mandibular incisors regarding to the mandibular arch. Both genders in both occlusal arches showed high level of applicability of Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis with p<0.05

Patterns of skeletal class II in patients reporting to Khyber College of Dentistry

Skeletal class II results from anteroposterior disproportion in size or discrepancy in position of jaws rather than malposition of teeth relative to jaws. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of skeletal class II. One hundred patients with skeletal class II were recruited in this study. The data was collected on specially designed proforma. Lateral cephalogram were traced for data analysis. Fifty-five female and forty-five males participated in this study. The age ranged from 9 to 34 years. Short mandible [50%] and vertically high angle [48%] were the common patterns. The common patterns among the skeletal class II patients were with short mandible and high angle

Etiology and treatment of midline diastema: a review of literature

Midline diastema can be physiological, dentoalveolar, due to a missing tooth, due to peg lateral, midline supernumerary teeth, proclination of the upper labial segment, prominent frenum or due to a self-inflicted pathology by tongue piercing. The treatment involves observation and follow up, active orthodontic tooth movement, combined orthodontic and surgical approach, restorative treatment and Mulligan's technique of overcorrection. Hand and electronic searching was done for 55 articles for this review of literature. Midline diastema is common dental anomaly having multiple causes and various orthodontic and surgical options for management. Midline diastemas require proper diagnosis and timing for better care of patients

Incidence of fourth canal in mandibular first molars - a study

The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of three and four root canals in mandibular first molars in our population. One hundred and fifty patients were recruited in this study. The data were obtained on specially designed proforma. The teeth were examined clinically and radiographically. Sixty three females and 87 males participated in this study. The age ranged from 15 to 63 years. 40% of lower first molars had four canals [two mesial and two distal] while remaining had three canals [two mesial and one distal]. The incidence of four canals in permanent mandibular first molars was relatively high in this study group

Oral health status among partially dental patients - a study

The objective of this study was to determine the oral health status of partially dentate patients reporting to the Department of Prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. One hundred and fifty patients were included in the study. The data were collected on special designed proforma. Mouth mirror, dental explorer, periodontal probe, radiograph was used for oral health status assessment. Eighty-six were males [57.33%] and 64 were females [42.67%]. Their ages ranged from 14 to 70 years. Caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and number of missing teeth were more prevalent in illiterate and primary level partially dentate patients. Oral health was worse in medically compromised patients. All diabetic patients had some degree of periodontitis. Caries, periodontal diseases and tooth loss were more prevalent in medically compromised and illiterate partially dentate patients