ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution, manufactured cities related to human activities such as soil contaminated by heavy metals pollution is one of the problems of the world’s major cities. Heavy metals are one of the main sources of pollution and the environment through biogeochemical cycles, and stored for a long time in the body of living organisms, poisoning is able to generate a negativeimpact on human health. Ulaanbaatar, 2010, along the main road in 11 point analysis of 22 soil samples from some of the heavy metal pollution in the soil lead levels were within normal limits,but the high concentration of topsoil is defined. A study conducted in 2011, but the average leadconcentration of 47.3 ppm healthy uncontaminated soil that is 3-4 times larger than defined.Heavy metals in the soil pollution, but pollution levels being conducted quarterly study and their sources of research have been identified. Heavy metal contamination of Ulaanbaatar soil andcalculation of the amount of heavy metals enter the body. Specialized inspection agency of Ulaanbaatar cities laboratory analysis conducted, the data used as descriptive research study design, participated in the study. Metropolitan areas in the 80 point balance divided analyzed by standard analysis of soil samples collected in spring and autumn, MNS5850:2008 was assessed by comparison with the standard.The average amount of lead in the soil of Ulaanbaatar 18.09 mg/kg (95%CI 13.7-22.4mg/kg), and cadmium concentration of 1.02 mg/kg (95%CI 0.7-1.3mg/kg), the mercury concentration of0.03 mg/kg (95%CI 0.006-0.05 mg/kg) that “The quality of the soil, and soil pollutants, maximum permissible elements” MNS5850:2008 standards, compared to less than the maximum allowed. Lead in the soil through the ingestion 11.75x10-3 mg/kg/day (95%CI 8.9-14.55x10-3 mg/kg/day) and cadmium 0.66x10-3 mg/kg/day (95%CI 0.45-0.84x10-3 mg/kg/day) of mercury 0.02x10-3 mg/kg/day (95%CI 0.0-0.03x10-3 mg/kg/day), and inhalation of lead 1.06x10-6 mg/m3 (95%CI 0.80-1.32x10-6 mg/m3) and cadmium 0.06x10-6 mg/m3 (95%CI 0.00-0.08x10-6 mg/m3), dermal adsorption lead 2.62x10-6 mg/kg/day (95%CI 1.98-3.24x10-6 mg/kg/day) and cadmium 0.15x10-6 mg/kg/day (95%CI 0.10-0.19x10-6 mg/kg/day) be digestible. Ulaanbaatar soil containing lead, cadmium, mercury, “The quality of the soil, and soil pollutants, maximum permissible elements” MNS5850:2008 compared to less than the maximum permitted levels. Three entry through access to the body of heavy metals in the soil to estimate the amount of mercury and cadmium lead digestive, respiratory and skin is a little more access.
ABSTRACT
IntroductionRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that still remains a disease of unknown etiology and complex disease without a single treatment that is dominated by serious and debilitating sequalae resulting from synovial membrane, cartilage and progressive joint destruction involvement. There is a one major obstacle in elucidating the early events in the pathogenesis of RA has been the lack of definition of the initial features of the disease. To overcome these difficulties, various animal models have been developed. But Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) mouse model is known to be the most valuable animal model to explore the pathogenic process, molecular and cellular mechanisms of joint destruction, to discover the immune system respond and activation and to develop new effective treatment methods and useful drugs [1].Materials and Methods:Within this study we have used 40 male mice at age 6-8 weeksfor 0-60 days and divided into following 4 groups which are:I group–CIA induced mouse group treated with Derveger Jirgeruu (Saposhnicovia divaricata) (n=12) II group–CIA induced mouse group treated with Natriisalicylas (10%) (n=12) III group–Healthy control mouse group (n=8) IV group–CIA inducedcontrol mouse group (n=8). To induce CIA model, we have used standard method of Murali /2005/’s design. Standard drug Natriisalicylas (10mg/ 20gr), one of the often used drug anti-inflammatory and Mongolian herbal plant Derveger jirgeruu (Saposhnicovia divaricate) (0.26mg/20gr) were daily administered by orally, starting on day 21 until day 60.To evaluate and compare 2 drug’s anti-inflammatory effect, we have done clinical score evaluation (Kim W.U, 2002), laboratory testing and histological examination of the joints using standard methods.ResultTo summarize the research result, both medications have proven to be as a medication which has anti-inflammatory effect that decreased the signs and symptoms of RA by it is histological and laboratory analysis.Conclusions:1. CIA model was effectively induced, which have proven by clinical signs, laboratory result and histological examination.2. Within this study it has proven that traditional herbal medicine Derveger Jirgeruu (Saposhnicovia divaricate) (0.26mg/20g) have anti-inflammatory effect on CIA induced mouse model of Rheumatoid Arthritis, which have had similar effect asstandard non-steroid medicine Natriisalicylas (10mg/20g).