ABSTRACT
Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently occurring congenital disorder, responsible for 28% of all congenital birth defects. The birth prevalence of CHD is reported to be 8-12/1000 live births. Considering a rate of 9/1000, about 1.35 million babies are born with CHD each year globally. Objective of research work to study the prevalence of CHD among newborn and its types.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried among 34 cases of CHD/5126 newborn screened at 4 birthing places in Kashipur a small town in Uttrakhand at pediatrics department of Sahota Super-specialty hospital, Kashipur, Uttarakhand. Screening program between 22 August 2014, and March 30, 2019. All newborns, including preterm babies, delivered in these facilities were eligible for inclusion in this study.Results: Present study found the prevalence of CHD was 0.7 per 1000 children (34/5126). Around 26.5% participants have cyanotic CHD and 73.5% have acynotic CHD. Almost 44%, 28%, 20%, 4% and 4% participants of acynotic congenital heart diseases have VSD, ASD, PDA, AVSD and valvular PS respectively and 55.6%, 22.2%, 11.1% and 11.1% participants of cynotic congenital heart diseases have TOF, DORV/VSD, dTGA/VSD and tricuspid atresia respectively.Conclusions: Screening for congenital heart disease should be included as a part of newborn assessment as it is a common congenital problem. Early identification influences outcome. Barriers in implementation of the screening programmes in resource limited setting is a challenging feature. This study can provide observed data that can help in policy making in the health sector.
ABSTRACT
Background: The hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute communicable disease, mostly affecting children under 5 years of age and caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). The usual incubation period is 3 to 7 days. Early symptoms are likely to be fever often followed by a sore throat followed by loss of appetite and general malaise. Aim and objectives was to study the trend of hand foot and mouth disease in a private hospital in Uttarakhand over 5 successive years.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried among 297 cases of HFMD newborn screened at pediatrics department of Sahota Super-specialty hospital, Kashipur, Uttarakhand during year 2015 to 2019 after ethical clearance of institutional ethical committee. Diagnosis is coded with ICD-10. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate frequencies and percentiles.Results: Almost 29 cases of HMFD were picked in 2015, 32 cases in 2016, 43 cases in 2017, 81 cases in 2018, 112 in 2019. Fever observed in 86% cases. Neurological complications were observed in 9 (3%) cases, pneumonitis in 14 (4.7%) cases, cardiomyopathy observed in 3 (<1%) case. One death was reported.Conclusions: It is vital to screen patients with HFMD for these abnormal clinical presentations, allowing timely initiation of appropriate interventions to reduce the mortality. Increased awareness about vaccination in a developing nation like India and vaccination program at the grass root levels have eradicated certain lethal diseases.
ABSTRACT
Background: It is very difficult to recognize the cases with mild-to-moderate malnutrition because clinical criteria for their diagnosis are imprecise and are difficult to interpret accurately. The objective of the study was daily weight gain in gram/kg/day in severely malnourished children.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study in which total of 114 consecutive patients of SAM less than 5 years treated for complications of severe acute malnutrition using WHO protocol. The study design included 114 children from the NRC and then followed up the period of 6 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stage and the entire follow up period using available record of anthropometry indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the NRC.Results: Mean weight at admission was 6.4 Kg, 6.5 Kg and 6.2 Kg of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean weight at discharge was 6.8 Kg, 6.7 Kg and 6.6 Kg of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean MUAC at admission was 10.7 cm, 10.9 cm and 10.6 cm of overall, boys and girls respectively. Mean MUAC at discharge was 10.9 cm, 10.9 cm and 10.8 cm of overall, boys and girls respectively.Conclusions: For treatment of severe acute malnutrition, systematic guidelines required, thus this study indicates that following WHO guidelines, it has become easier to manage SAM in hospital settings, with least possible stay at hospital. The objective of the study was to know the effect of nutritional intervention measures on selected anthropometric indicators of severe acute malnourished children.