Cerebro-rhino orbital mucormycosis: an update

Mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal infection which can lead to fulminant necrotizing infection under optimal host condition. Fungi have the ability to invade blood vessels and can affect different parts of the body. The most common, though the most aggressive, form is cerebro-rhino-orbital mucormycosis that occurs in debilitated patients, in conjunction with sinus or para-sinus involvement. Due to increased number of newly diagnosed cases of mucormycosis world-wide resulting from uncontrolled metabolic conditions, this paper intends to widen the reader's scope and knowledge about the nature of the disease and its multicomplexity that require a collaborative effort for careful management. Patients who are at risks both at the onset of the disease and during its management have been identified in the paper

Ocular adnexal reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in children

To describe the clinical and histopathological features of ocular reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in children, and review the literature regarding this entity. In this retrospective, interventional case series, a chart review was performed of three patients diagnosed with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Details of clinical presentation, ocular and systemic examination findings, management and subsequent course were noted. Three children, aged 9-14 years presented with ocular adnexal masses [two unilateral and one bilateral] with 7-12 months duration. Ocular examination revealed discrete nasal conjunctival masses in two patients, and bilateral eyelid fullness and conjunctival chemosis in the third patient. Systemic evaluation and laboratory tests were normal in all patients. Orbital imaging showed lacrimal gland enlargement in one patient. Histopathological evaluation with immunohistochemical markers established the diagnosis of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Two patients underwent surgical excision with complete resolution. All patients have remained stable and at their last follow-up have showed no evidence of recurrence, transformation, or systemic involvement. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, though uncommon in children, can have a favorable outcome with timely intervention

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery: indications and complications in the ophthalmic field

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery [FESS] is a highly sophisticated type of surgery, which has revolutionized the surgical management of chronic sinus diseases. In the ophthalmic field, FESS plays a crucial role in the management of a few conditions, but not without risks. Ophthalmic complications associated with FESS are well documented. They mainly occur due to the shared common anatomic areas between ophthalmology and otolarynogology. Ophthalmic complications can vary in severity from very trivial cases such as localized hematoma collection, which is not very problematic to very devastating cases, such as optic nerve damage, which can lead to complete blindness. In order to minimize such compilations, safety measures need to be considered prior to the surgery, these include; precise knowledge of detailed anatomy, the operating surgeon's ability to interpret precisely the para nasal sinus CT scan and experienced procedural surgical skills

Cyanoacrylate induced pseudo-tarsorrhaphy of the eye

Cyanoacrylate, also known as superglue, is a polymer which forms a strong bond at room temperature with a variety of materials including metal, glass, plastic, rubber, skin, mucous membranes and other epithelial tissues as well. We hereby present a 22-year-old female who had an accidental instillation of the glue in her eye, with an uneventful outcome

Bilateral pseudo-papilloedema due to optic nerve head drusen in a young patient

We report a case of 15 year old boy, who was found to have raised bilateral optic nerve heads on routine eye examination. After an initial dilemma of diagnosis, detailed eye examination supported by imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral pseudo-papilloedema due to optic nerve head drusen. Parents of the patient were reassured and patient was discharged from eye clinic with the advice of follow up every 6 to 12 months