ABSTRACT
Background: Reindeer lichen, Lichen rangiferinus syn. or Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. (Cladoniaceae) has been traditionally reported as a remedy to treat fever, colds, arthritis as well as convulsions,liver infections, coughs, constipation, and tuberculosis. The current study is aimed at rectification ofalcohol induced liver damage by the use of L. rangiferinus extract.Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare some biochemical markers for liver injury and hematological indices in normal untreated rats and treated rats.Material and Methods: The study was performed using male Wistar rats. Animals were categorized intofive groups, negative control group (normal diet only), treated groups (2 groups were lichen treatedalong with 10% ethanol & 1 group was only ethanol treated) and positive control group (Silymarin + 10%ethanol) of six animals in each group. Biochemical markers for liver injury and hematological indices ofall animals were measured using standard diagnostic tools. The animals were then sacrificed and liverswere sent to the pathology lab for histopathological analysis.Results: Lichen extract showed a significant restoration of altered biochemical parameters towardsnormal in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the LRE wasfound to be 21.78 mg PE/mg of extract and 5.13 mg RE/mg of extract respectively. The IC50 values foratranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid were found to be 128.48 and 218.46 mg/mL respectively.Reducing power of the extract was found to be quite significant. After administration of lichen extract,endothelial cells were less injured around central vein and number of fat vacuoles was also lesser inhepatocytes.Conclusion: Conclusively, treatment with lichen extract assuages alcohol-related damage and guardshepatic tissue from alcohol-induced toxicity.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Roccella montagnei Bél. belongs to lichen family Roccelleceae growing luxuriantly along the coastal regions of India. As Roccella has been shown to be bioactive, we prepared methanolic extract and assessed its anticancer potential. The methanolic extract showed significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines such as colon (DLD-1, SW-620), breast (MCF-7), head and neck (FaDu). This prompted us to isolate bioactive compounds through column chromatography. Two compounds roccellic acid and everninic acid have been isolated, out of which everninic acid is reported for the first time. Both the compounds have been tested for in vitro cytotoxic activity in which roccellic acid showed strong anticancer activity as compared to the everninic acid. Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK-10) contributes to proliferation of cancer cells, and aberrant activity of these kinases has been reported in a wide variety of human cancers. These kinases therefore constitute biomarkers of proliferation and attractive pharmacological targets for development of anticancer therapeutics. Therefore both the isolated compounds were tested for in silico molecular docking study against Cyclin Dependent Kinase isomer enzyme to support the cytotoxic activity.