ABSTRACT
When this paper was first published the following ethical statement was omitted in error: Experimental conditions and procedures involving animals were approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), H.K.E.S. MTR Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and carried out in accordance with laboratory animal use guidelines of IAEC (Permit Number: HKECOP/IAEC/91/2017-19). The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2020.06.001
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed at evaluation of prophylactic efficacy and possible mechanisms of asiaticoside (AS) based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves (INDCA) in animal models of migraine. The effects of oral and intranasal (i.n.) pretreatment of INDCA (acute and 7-days subacute) were evaluated against nitroglycerine (NTG, 10 mg·kg(-1), i.p.) and bradykinin (BK, 10 μg, intra-arterial) induced hyperalgesia in rats. Tail flick latencies (from 0 to 240 min) post-NTG treatment and the number of vocalizations post-BK treatment were recorded as a measure of hyperalgesia. Separate groups of rats for negative (Normal) and positive (sumatriptan, 42 mg·kg(-1), s.c.) controls were included. The interaction of INDCA with selective 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1D receptor antagonists (NAN-190, Isamoltane hemifumarate, and BRL-15572 respectively) against NTG-induced hyperalgesia was also evaluated. Acute and sub-acute pre-treatment of INDCA [10 and 30 mg·kg(-1) (oral) and 100 μg/rat (i.n.) showed significant anti-nociception activity, and reversal of the NTG-induced hyperalgesia and brain 5-HT concentration decline. Oral pre-treatment with INDCA (30 mg·kg(-1), 7 d) showed significant reduction in the number of vocalization. The anti-nociceptive effects of INDCA were blocked by 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B but not 5-HT1D receptor antagonists. In conclusion, INDCA demonstrated promising anti-nociceptive effects in animal models of migraine, probably through 5-HT1A/1B medicated action.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Bradykinin , Hyperalgesia , Migraine Disorders , Models, Animal , Nitroglycerin , Nociception , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis , Rats, Wistar , Reaction Time , Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1 , Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists , Metabolism , Tail , Physiology , Triterpenes , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) is present in many Ayurveda compound formulations including Chavanaprasha and Dasamoolarishta. The whole plant is used in conditions such as inflammation, constipation and promoting conception in females. In the present study, we carried out different tests to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum (SXE) in postmenopausal syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was carried out in bilaterally ovariectomized one-month-old Wistar rats (40-50 g). Bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6) receiving different treatments, consisting of a vehicle (distilled water), aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum at two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) administered orally daily for 90 d and standard drug β estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg administered subcutaneously biweekly for 90 d. Estrogenic activity was assessed by vaginal cornification, sexual behavior, serum estradiol and uterine weight to body weight ratio. Antiosteoporotic activity was assessed on the basis of biomechanical and biochemical parameters followed by histopathological studies, and antidepressant activity was assessed by forced swim test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SXE showed presence of steroids. At the dose of 200 mg/kg, it significantly improved all the parameters of sexual behavior (P<0.01), caused vaginal cornification, and increased serum estradiol and uterine weight (P<0.01). It also significantly improved all the parameters of bone strength as well as depression (P<0.01). Histopathology of bones confirmed the above findings.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study indicated that SXE may provide an effective treatment in the prevention of postmenopausal symptoms.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Antidepressive Agents , Pharmacology , Estradiol , Blood , Estrogens , Pharmacology , Femur , Metabolism , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal , Ovariectomy , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Postmenopause , Rats, Wistar , Sexual Behavior, Animal , SolanumABSTRACT
Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) is present in many Ayurveda compound formulations including Chavanaprasha and Dasamoolarishta. The whole plant is used in conditions such as inflammation, constipation and promoting conception in females. In the present study, we carried out different tests to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum (SXE) in postmenopausal syndrome.