Risk factors for failure after primary vitrectomy with no scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment / Fatores de risco para falha de tratamento após vitrectomia primária sem retinopexia com introflexão escleral

ABSTRACT Objective To assess pre-operative conditions that could influence primary anatomical success rate in a cohort of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) treated with primary vitrectomy and no scleral buckling. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in a group of patients that underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade and without scleral buckling for RRD between 2014 and 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Results 305 eyes of 301 patients were included; 59.01% eyes were phakic, 39.01% were pseudophakic and 1.96% aphakic. 13.11% of patients had proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade B and 3.28% proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C at the time of diagnosis while 83.61% had proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade 0 or A. 53.1% had superior breaks, 15.4% inferior breaks and 31.5% a combination of both. Primary success rate was obtained in 90.82% of eyes (95%CI 87.58-94.06). 9.18% of eyes (95%CI 5.94-12.42) re-detached. In 3.27% the cause of re-detachment was proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and in the remaining 5.90% because of a new or a missed break, the leakage of a previously treated break, or an area of shallow peripheral detachment with no detectable break. Of 181 phakic eyes, 10.49% re-detached, whereas in over 126 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes 7.75% re-detached (p=0.42). 16.39% eyes of the entire cohort had preoperative grade B or C proliferative vitreoretinopathy, whereas 32.14% of re-detached eyes had preoperative grade B or C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (95%CI 17.29-46.99; p=0.02). Th eyes that re-detached after the first surgery had a mean of 2.5 (95%CI 1.86-3.13) retinal tears, against a mean of 1.87 (95%CI 1.73-2.00) retinal tears of those that did not re-detach after the first surgery (p=0.02). Conclusion We found location of breaks and lens status to be independent factors not related to a lower single operation success rate, whereas the number or size of breaks and preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy stages B or C were independent factors related to a higher likelihood of re-detachment.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar condições pré-operatórias que poderiam influenciar a taxa de sucesso anatômico primário em uma coorte de pacientes com descolamento de retina regmatogênico tratada com vitrectomia primária e sem introflexão escleral. Métodos Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva em um grupo de pacientes submetidos a vitrectomia primária pars plana com tamponamento gasoso e sem introflexão escleral por desprendimento de retina regmatogênico entre os anos 2014 e 2019, com monitoramento mínimo de 4 meses. Resultados Foram incluídos 305 olhos de 301 pacientes; 59,01% dos olhos eram fáquicos, 39,01% eram pseudofáquicos, e 1,96% era afáquico; 13,11% dos pacientes tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa grau B, e 3,28%, vitreorretinopatia proliferativa grau C no momento do diagnóstico, enquanto 83,61% tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa grau 0 ou A; 53,1% tinham rasgaduras superiores; 15,4%, rasgaduras inferiores e 31,5%, uma combinação de ambas. A taxa de sucesso primário foi obtida em 90,82% dos olhos (IC95% 87,58-94,06); 9,18% dos olhos (IC95% 5,94-12,42) se redestacaram. Em 3,27%, a causa do redescolamento foi vitreorretinopatia proliferativa e, nos 5,90% restantes, por causa de uma ruptura nova ou perdida, o vazamento de uma ruptura previamente tratada, ou uma área de descolamento periférico superficial sem ruptura detectável. Dos 181 olhos fáticos, 10,49% redestacaram-se, enquanto em mais de 126 olhos afáquicos ou pseudofáquicos 7,75% redestacaram-se (p=0,42); 16,39% dos olhos de toda a coorte tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa pré-operatória grau B ou C, enquanto 32,14% dos olhos redescolados tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa pré-operatória grau B ou C (IC95% 17,29-46,99) (p=0,02). Os olhos que se redescolaram após a primeira cirurgia tiveram média de 2,5 (IC95% 1,86-3,13) lágrimas retinianas, contra uma média de 1,87 (IC95% 1,73-2,00) lágrima retiniana daqueles que não se redestacaram após a primeira cirurgia. (p=0,02). Conclusão A localização das rasgaduras e o status da lente são fatores independentes não relacionados a uma menor taxa de sucesso da operação, enquanto o número ou o tamanho das rasgaduras e estágios vitreorretinopatia proliferativa pré-operatórios B ou C foram fatores independentes relacionados a uma maior probabilidade de redescolamento.

Parálisis unilateral de la elevación / Unilateral elevation palsy

Objetivos: analizar la incidencia y características clínicas de pacientes con parálisis unilateral de la elevación (PUE) en nuestra consulta privada. Pacientes y métodos: evaluamos las historias clínicas de 822 pacientes estrábicos estudiados consecutivamente. Estudiamos la presencia de estrabismo horizontal asociado, de inversión anómala, del fenómeno de Bell, tortícolis y ptosis o pseudoptosis. Estudiamos clínicamente los movimientos sacádicos en el plano vertical. Cuatro pacientes con doble parálisis de los elevadores (DPE) fueron operados mediante la técnica de Knapp modificada. Resultados: 7 pacientes presentaron una PUE. Seis casos correspondían a una DPE presentando hipotropia en el ojo afectado, pseudoptosis y ptosis y fénomeno de Bell negativo ipsilateral. El caso restante correspondía a una parálisis unilateral de la elevación de origen supranuclear presentando ortotropia en PPM y fenómeno de Bell positivo en el ojo afectado. Entre los casos de DPE dos estaban asociados al fenómeno de Marcus Gunn (FMG). Clínicamente no pudimos establecer diferencias en la velocidad sucádica entre ambos ejes en los 7 pacientes estudiados. Los cuatro pacientes con DPE operados mostraron ducciones pasivas normales y obtuvieron un buen alineamiento ocular en PPM. Conclusión: Las PUE son cuadros clínicos infrecuentes. La asociación de PUE y FMG confirmaría el diagnóstico de DPE.

Purpose: to analyze the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with unilateral elevation palsy (UEP) in our private practice. Patients and methods: 822 clinical recordd of strabismus patients seen consecutively were evaluated. We studied the existence of horizontal strabismus, anomalous innervations, Bell's phenomenon, torticollis and ptosis or pseudoptosis. We studied vertical saccadic movements. Four patients with double elevator palsy (DEP) were operated with a Knapp modified procedure. Results: 7 patients had UEP. Six had double elevator paresis (DEP) presenting hypotropia of the involved eye, pseudoptosis, ptosis and ipsilateral negative Bell's phenomenon. The other case was a supranuclear elevation palsy with ortotropia in primary position and, positive Bell's phenomenon in the affected eye. Two DEP patients were associated with Marcus Gunn phenomenon (MGF). Clinically we couldn't find differences in saccadic velocity between both eyes of 7 patients. The four patients with DEP that were operated had normal passive ductions and attained good results. Conclusions: clinical causes of UEP are infrequent. The association of UEP and MGF would support DEP diagnosis.