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1.
Invest. clín ; 43(2): 89-105, jun. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-330976

ABSTRACT

The present transversal study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of both vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and protein-energy malnutrition among children (24 to 85 months) from three urban slums (n = 173) in Maracaibo city, Zulia State, Venezuela and a rural slum area (n = 34), vieinal to Maracaibo, by measuring serum retinol and z score of anthropometric indices Height//Age (H//AZ); Weight//Age (W//AZ) and Weight//Height (W//HZ), compared to NCHS-WHO reference values. The Graffar's methodology adapted to Venezuela by MÚndez Castellano (1986) confirmed the underprivileged socio-economic condition of the children population. For serum retinol analysis, peripheral venous blood was drawn and serum was treated according to the Bieri et al. (1979) technique and HPLC procedure. Values were recorded in microgram/dL. Statistical analysis was done by using Epi Info 2000, release 1.0 and SAS release 6.0 (1996) computer programs. The prevalence of VAD (serum retinol < 20 micrograms/dL) in the total children population (n = 207) was 22.2, being higher in urban children than in rural children (22.5 vs 20.5). No clinical signs of VAD were detected in the children. The nutritional status analysed by Z score of anthropometric indices revealed that 27.4 of children suffered from undernutrition (Z score = -2 to > -3 SD), being 15.4 stunted, 9.6 wasted and 2.6 with acute protein-energy malnutrition. Neither severe malnutrition nor overweight were detected. According with the H//AZ index, 54.6 of children had adequate nutrition. However 23 of them suffered from VAD. In children at risk of developing undernutrition (Z score = -1 to > -2 SD), 20.9 had VAD and of the stunted children, 21.9 presented VAD. With W//AZ, 60.3, 29.9 and 9.1 of children were with adequate nutrition, at risk, or wasted respectively; of each group, 25.6, 17.7 and 15, respectively had serum retinol values below 20 micrograms/dL. The Z score of W//HZ indicator revealed that 87.4, 10.4 and 2.4 of children were in good nutrition, at risk, or with acute protein-energy malnutrition, respectively. In the three groups 22.1, 23.8 and 20, respectively were affected by VAD. These results indicate that VAD coexists indistinctly in healthy, adequately nourished children, as in those malnourished ones. Our VAD prevalence results and others from Venezuela, are higher than the criteria laid down by WHO and PAHO which warrant wide community intervention. This public health problem becomes mor


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/epidemiology , Vitamin A Deficiency , Body Height , Body Weight , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/blood , Growth Disorders , Nutritional Status , Poverty , Poverty Areas , Prevalence , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Venezuela , Vitamin A , Vitamin A Deficiency
2.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 51(1): 25-32, mar. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-305250

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina A en niños, mediante examen clínico, oftalmológico y por citología de impresión conjuntival (CIC); y el estado nutricional, analizando los indicadores antropométricos T//E, P//E y P//T. La población de estudio incluyó 157 niños, 2-6 años de edad, provenientes de barrios marginales urbanos y rurales de Maracaibo, Venezuela. La CIC se realizó de acuerdo a la técnica convencional de ICEPO. Se aplicó puntaje Z los datos antropométricos con patrón de referencia NCHS-OMS. No se detectaron signos clínicos ni oftalmológicos de deficiencia de vitamina A. La prevalencia de déficit sub clínico de vitamina A, detectada por CIC anormal, fue de 35,4 por ciento, siendo mas alta en el área rural (48,3 por ciento). Estos valores sobrepasan los límites de prevalencia establecidos por OMS/UNICEF para indicar problema de salud pública (>20 por ciento). Se detectó desnutrición global y retardo de crecimiento, ambos de leve a moderado en el 36,1 por ciento y 44,6 por ciento de los niños, respectivamente. Una respuesta alterada de CIC se observó tanto en los niños adecuadamente nutridos como en los desnutridos (=35 por ciento). No hubo diferencia significativa en la distribución de los resultados de CIC en relación al estado nutricional. Estos hallazgos indican que la prueba de CIC y la aplicación de puntaje Z a los datos antropométricos nutricionales son útiles para caracterizar el riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina A y de desnutrición en comunidades. Se recomienda implementar en dichas comunidades programas de intervención nutricional integral que incluya suplementación, fortificación de alimentos y diversificación dietaria; así como mejorar su condición socioeconómica y de salubridad, y el nivel educacional, haciendo énfasis en la educación nutricional y para la salud


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Growth , Nutrition Assessment , Nutrition Disorders , Poverty , Vitamin A Deficiency , Nutritional Sciences , Venezuela
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