Cytotoxicity, Morphology and Chemical Composition of Two Luting Cements: An in Vitro Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the cytotoxicity, surface morphology, elemental compositions and chemical characterization of two commonly used luting cement. Material and Methods: The two luting types of cement used were Elite Cement® and Hy-Bond Resiglass®. Freshly mixed (n=6) and set form (n=6) of each cement was placed in medium to obtain extracts. The extract from each sample was exposed to L929 mouse fibroblasts (1x104cells/well). Alamar Blue Assay assessed cell viability. Surface morphology and elemental composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The chemical characterization was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey analysis were conducted to assess results. Results: Hy-Bond Resiglass® was the more cytotoxic of the two types of cement in both freshly mixed (68.10 +5.16; p<0.05) and set state (87.58 +4.86; p<0.05), compared to Elite Cement® both freshly mixed (77.01 +5.45; p<0.05) and set state (89.39 +5.66; p<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a more irregular and porous structure in Hy-Bond Resiglass® compared to Elite Cement®. Similarly, intense peaks of aluminium, tungsten and fluorine were observed in energy dispersive spectroscopy in Hy-Bond Resiglass. Conclusion: All these three elements (aluminium, tungsten and fluorine) have cytotoxic potential. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyethyl methacrylate in Hy-Bond Resiglass®, which has a cytotoxic potential.

outcome comparison of the open Vs closed haemorrhoidectomy: a quasi-experimental study in tertiary care hospital

Objective: to compare open and closed haemorrhoidectomy for wound healing time, hospital stay and complications

Material and Methods: sixty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study and divided into two groups. Group A was treated by open haemorrhoidectomy and group B by closed haemorrhoidectomy. Postoperatively patients were evaluated for wound healing time, hospital stay, early and late complications

Results: the mean wound healing time in closed haemorrhoidectomy group was 2.60+/-0.67 weeks. The mean wound healing time in op n haemorrhoidectomy group was 3.97+/-0.76 weeks. There were 2 [6.7%] patients of urinary retention in closed haemorrhoidectomy group and no patient in open haemorrhoidectomy group. There were 29 [96. 7%] patients of mild to moderate bleeding and 1 [3.3%] patient of severe bleeding in closed haemorrhoidectomy group. In open haemorrhoidectomy group, 1[3.3%] patient had no bleeding, 28 [93 .3%] patients had mild to moderate bleeding and 1 [3.3%] patient had severe bleeding. Among late complications at one month follow up, 1 [3.3%] patient developed anal stenosis in closed haemorrhoidectomy group. In open haemorrhoidectomy group there was 1 [3.3%] patient of anal stenosis and 1 [3.3%] patient of anal fissure

Conclusion: open haemorrhoidectomy has more reliable wound healing with lesser complications, though complete wound healing time is more as compared to the closed technique

Giant cell granuloma of the maxilla

The case report is of a 30 year old male, who complained of a slowly expanding swelling in the maxilla in the left premolar region. The swelling was clinically and radiographically diagnosed as Central Giant Cell Granuloma. The patient also had Angles Class2 Division 2 Malocclusion in which repeated micro trauma may have possibly contributed to the formation of the tumor. The tumor was surgically removed under general anesthesia followed by local injections of corticosteroids