ABSTRACT
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders [MSD] have been a longstanding problem among dental practitioners and are known to affect their daily life. The present study was aimed to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among dental students and dentists at the Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, and the relationship of MSD with their quality of life and dental work. A self-reporting questionnaire was responded by 108 dental students [from first, third and fourth year] and 42 dentists [house officers and faculty members]. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics, past musculoskeletal pain [MSP], the site, frequency and intensity of MSP, effects of MSP on the respondents' daily activities and whether they perceived their work in dental clinics as the cause of their pain. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Respondents included 109 females and 41 males. The mean age of the respondents was 22 years [SD +/- 3.05]. Majority of the respondents worked 16-30 hours per week. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 74% dentists and 51% dental students [p=0.011]. The most common complaint was lower back [43%] followed by neck [32%] and shoulder [28%]. Medical treatment was sought by 41% of the respondents and 13% took sick leave. Daily activities were affected in 27% of the respondents with MSD. Quality of life was significantly more affected in dentists, and 64% of respondents perceived work in the dental clinic as the cause of their MSD
ABSTRACT
Objective: the purpose of this study is to assess health status, needs and available services of the community
Material and Methods: it was a cross sectional study of 50 participants, studying medical/public health in various institutes, belonging to different areas of Punjab. In addition to collecting basic demographic details, questions were asked to assess the health. Needs [in their particular community area]. All the data were noted down on a short structured questionnaire. Categorical data were presented as percentages and in form of graphs while descriptive and frequency distribution was used for quantitative analyses
Results: there were an equal proportion of males and females in our respondents. The mean age of our respondent was 23+/-2 years. Out of total 50 respondents only 40 had access to health facility within 5 km range. Only 25 [50%] participants responded a satisfactory health status of their family. 43 participants responded to their family disease status as chronic diseases and 07 responded as infectious diseases. Allopathic treatment was the most preferred one. 55% of the participants responded that they had sufficient access to health facilities in their areas. With respect to improvement in health needs 85% participants responded that they need improvement in health facilities in their communities
Conclusions: a significant proportion of the participants responded to their family disease status as chronic diseases which may be due to changing patterns and exposure to certain risk factors. Awareness regarding health needs was demonstrated by only 40% of the participants in their respective communities. This information demonstrates that family health is still an important indicator of health need assessment and needs to be evaluated
ABSTRACT
Objective: the aim of the study is to see the effect of aortic cross clamp time on renal function post operatively
Material and Methods: in a prospective study 90 patients were selected for CABG first time with normal renal function. A questionnaire was made to see the effect of aortic cross clamp time on post-operative renal function. Demographic factors, pre-operative, intra operative and post-operative variables were evaluated. The patient were divided into two groups according to aortic cross clamp time, patient with aortic cross clamp time 50 minutes and patients with aortic cross clamp time > 50 minutes ultimately they were evaluated to see the occurrence of acute kidney injury [AKI]
Results: AKI was observed in 6 patients with aortic cross clamp time = 50 minutes and 36 patients with aortic cross clamp time > 50 minutes. The aortic cross clamp time was highly associated with blood urea post operatively at day 1 [p value 0.002], day 2 [p-value 0.000] and day 3 [p-value 0.000]. It had significant effects on serum creatinine postoperatively day 1 [p-value 0.000], day 2 [p-value 0.005] and day 3 [p-value 0.001]. It also had significant effect on reduction of GFR postoperatively day 1 [p-value 0.011], day 2 [p-value 0.003] and day 3 [p-value 0.001]
Conclusion: the greatest likelihood of developing acute kidney injury [AKI] after CABG was observed with prolonged aortic cross clamp time. The levels of blood urea and serum creatinine was increased in patients with aortic cross clamp time> 50 minutes. Glomerular filtration rate [GFR] was reduced with aortic cross clamp time> 50 minutes
ABSTRACT
Objective: to see the effect of aortic cross clamp time on renal function in patients undergoing CABG post operatively
Material and Methods: in a prospective study 90 patients were selected for CABG first time with normal renal function. A questionnaire was made to see the effect of aortic cross clamp time on post-operative renal function. Demographic factors, pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative variables were evaluated. The patient were divided into two groups according to aortic cross clamp time, patient with aortic cross clamp time 50 minutes and patients with aortic cross clamp time > 50 minutes; ultimately they were evaluated to see the occurrence of acute kidney injury [AKI]
Results: AKI was observed in 6 patients with aortic cross clamp time 50 minutes. The aortic cross clamp time was highly associated with blood urea post operatively at day 1 [p = 0.002], day 2 [p=0.000] and day 3 [p=0.000]. It had significant effects on serum creatinine postoperatively day 1 [p=0.000], day 2 [p=0.005] and day 3 [p=0.001]. It also had significant effect on reduction of GFR post operatively day1 [p=0.011], day2 [p=0.003] andday3 [p=0.001]
Conclusion: the greatest likelihood of developing acute kidney injury [AKI] after CABG was observed with prolonged aortic cross clamp time. The levels of blood urea and serum creatinine were increased in patients with aortic cross clamp time > 50 minutes. Glomerular filtration rate [GFR] was reduced with aortic cross clamp time of more than 50 minutes
ABSTRACT
To assess the inhalation technique of pressurized metered dose inhalers [pMDI] in patients of obstructive air way diseases, to find out common errors and to determine improvement in their inhalation technique after a session of inhaler training. Quasi experimental study. The study was conducted at outdoor department of Military Hospital Rawalpindi from December 2005 to April 2006. A total of 100 male patients, using pMDI on regular basis for their obstructive respiratory symptoms, participated in the study. Patients' inhalation technique of pMDI was recorded against a standardized seven step checklist. Any technique having even a single erroneous step was marked as incorrect. Two weeks later, having given instructions on correct use of the device, the patient's inhalation technique was reassessed. Subsequently, results of both pre and post instruction assessment of inhalation techniques were compared and analyzed. During the 1st visit, only 21 patients [21%] demonstrated correct technique of inhalation. Upon 2nd visit, the number of patients having correct technique rose to 55 [55%] indicating significant improvement in the technique as demonstrated by applying McNemar's test. Erroneous inhalation technique is quite common among patients using pMDI. However, they can improve their technique significantly if they are taught the correct use of inhaler device