ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate renal function in non-proteinuric diabetic patients
Material and Methods: it was a descriptive analytical study, conducted in University of Health Science Lahore, from February 2010 to January 2011, with a sample size of 195 diabetic subjects. They were divided equally among normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric groups, according to their daily urinary albumin excretion rate [AER], with 65 patients in each group. Their renal function status and GFR was evaluated by conducting tests on serum and urine samples. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to observe differences of medians in different groups. p value less than 0.05 was taken statistically significant
Results: there was predominance of males in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric groups while females were more in number in normoalbuminuric group. Majority of normoalbuminuric individuals were unmarried, while married individuals were prevalent in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric group. Significant differences were found in serum urea concentration, serum creatinine concentration, serum uric acid concentration, glomerular filtration rate, urinary creatinine concentration, urine flow rate, daily albumin excretion rate and urinary albumin concentration among the three groups. Urinary creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate were in the highest ranges in normoalbuminuric group and in the lowest ranges in macroalbuminuric group. While rest of the parameters [ie. age, duration of diabetes, serum urea concentration, serum creatinine concentration, urine flow rate, daily AER , urinary albumin concentration and serum uric acid concentration] were in the lowest ranges in normoalbuminuric group and in the highest ranges in macroalbuminuric group. There was significant renal function impairment in microalburoinuric stage of diabetic nephropathy. p <0.05 was taken statistically significant
Conclusion: it is concluded that impairment in renal function occurs even in microalbuminuric stages of diabetic nephropathy. Renal functions are impaired even in the diabetic patients who have not yet developed frank proteinuria
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the levels of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and to determine its correlation with fetal birth weight. Cross-sectional analytical study. Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Gynaecological Unit II of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from December 2011 to May 2012. The participants included 60 cases with preeclampsia and 60 normotensive pregnant women, all in their third trimester. All the participants were in the age group of 20 - 40 years and had a BMI range of 18 - 25. High sensitive C-reactive protein [hsCRP] levels were measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS [version 15]. The values were considered significant at 0.05 level of significance. C-reactive protein levels were significantly high [p < 0.001] in the preeclamptic group with a median value of 8.8 [0.3 - 25.5] as compared to 5.4 [0.24 - 9.8] mg/l in the normotensive women. The birth weight of babies was also significantly low in the preeclamptic group. The high CRP levels were negatively correlated with fetal birth weight in preeclamptic group. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in the preeclamptic pregnant women is a part of an exaggerated maternal systemic inflammatory response, and correlates with low fetal birth weight