Pharmacognostical, Pharmaceutical and Microbiological Analysis of Mrudwika Sharkara

Draksha (Mrudwika) is best among all fruits as per Ayurveda. It is also indicated in different diseases as a medication and used in diets in fresh and dry forms. Draksha is a fruit that is only available during certain times of the year. Sharkara dosage form of it can be prepared to make that is palatable. Draksha is used in dry form i.e., Munakka (Mrudwika, raisins). Commonly, Munakka, Kismis, and Currants are three varieties with slight differences in their characteristics and nutritional content. They own property in Mridu Rechana, Vatahara, Pittahara, Brimhana, Vrishya, and Rasayana. For health promotion, disease prevention, and a wide range of Vata, Pitta, and Raktaja Vyadhis and Apatarpana Vyadhis, Draksha should be regularly incorporated into diet in either dry or fresh form. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical standards for Mrudwika Sharkara for assurance of quality of herbal compounds pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis should be done. Methods: Mrudwika Sharkara was subjected to microscopic evaluation for pharmacognostical study, analysis physic-chemical analysis includes specific gravity, pH value, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar and high Performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Mrudwika Sharkara was assessed for microbiological which include smear examination and culture study. Results: Pharmacognostical study showed the presence of certain identifying characters of Mrudwika and Sharkara. In pharmaceutical study, preliminary physico-chemical analysis showed specific gravity is 1.160, pH value is 4, reducing sugar 21.1%, non reducing sugar 48%, total sugar content 69.1%. HPTLC analysis showed eight spots in 254nm and six spots in 366nm. From date of preparation 23/06/21 to 18/10/22 no fungal contamination was found in Mrudwika Sharkar Conclusion: Present work was carried out to standardize the formulation Mrudwika Sharkara in terms of its identity, quality and purity. All of the preparation's active ingredients were identified by pharmacognostic and physicochemical examination. Self life of Mrudwika Sharkara showed that the quality of syrup in standard condition.

Detailed Comparative Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Evaluation of Chirabilvadiyoga w.s.r. to Bhavana (Trituration)

Chirabilvadi Yoga is a combination of four drugs Chirabilva, Arjuna, Jyotishmati and Kakanasa in powder form, each of these ingredients has solid base of previous experimental studies for their individual analgesic activity. Bhavana (trituration) is an important Samskara (process) mentioned in Ayurvedic classics by which drug may be made very potent to produce a positive results. Till date no data available on this combination Bhavita Chirabilvadi Yoga triturated seven times with Chirabilva Patra Swarasa and made dried powder. Present study is to screen the differences in pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of the Chirabilvadi Yoga before and after Bhavana. After Bhavana significant changes were found in the pharmacognostical parameters like deformated rosette crystals and cluster crystal of Arjuna and broken stone cells of Arjuna, which are rarely found before Bhavana of the drug and also evaluate the differences in the pharmaceutical profile before and after Bhavana like loss on drying, ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extract, methanol soluble extract, pH and HPTLC.

Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and HPTLC Profile of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita- A Poly-Herbal Compound

Menopausal syndrome is a grouping of signs and symptoms associated with menopause. In Ayurveda, menopause is referred to as 'Rajonivrutti' (and menopausal syndrome as Rajonivruttianubandhaja vyadhies). Menopause's long-term risks include osteoporosis, cardiac problems, and Alzheimer's disease. Aims and objective: To study the Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita. Material and methods: Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita have been carried out as per standard protocol. Result: Vayasthapana Gana Choorna showed the presence of mesocarp, asicular crystals, stone cells, scleroids, brown content, starch grains, colencyma cells, rhomboidal crystals, pitted vessels, parenchyma cells, simple trichome. Phytochemical parameters showed refractive index 1.3660, specific gravity 0.913, acid value 1.285, iodine value 212.1085 and in HPTLC, Methanol extract of Vayasthapana Ghrita at 254nm showed 6 spots and at 366nm 2 spots whereas in methanol extract of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna at 254nm 5 spots and in 366nm 4 spots were present. Conclusion: The applied pharmacognostic and HPTLC method has been shown to be selective, linear, precise and accurate. The method will be useful for quality control of the raw material and pharmaceutical preparations.

Sleep As Preamble Of Optimal Health Among Elderly Hypertensive Adults

Introduction: Healthy Aging is for everyone, not just those who are currently disease-free. Many factors influence the health of the elderly, including underlying physiological and psychological changes, health-related behaviour, disease status and also environments in which people are living strongly influence their health. Methodology: The 240 elderlies between the age group of 60-75 years from Primary Health Centre, Mu-thukur, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India was selected as study participants by simple random sampling technique and excluded those who were mentally and physically sick at the time of data collection. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to collect and Sleep promoting measures were taught and followed to experimental group for the period of six months. Results: In this study, the posttest mean PSQI sleep score among experimental group was 6.16 and con-trol group was 7.95, with the mean difference was 1.79, as it was large and it was statistically significant difference at the value of t=3.34 at p? 0.001 level which indicate sleep promoting measures was effective to enhance sleep quality and to maintain normal blood pressure. Conclusion: Compared to the control group, the experimental group's elderly had better sleep quality; hence healthy sleep promoting measures are effective to manage and to maintain normal blood pres-sure.

Effectiveness Of Self-Instructional Module (Sim) On Paternal Attitude Of Expectant Fathers And Maternal Satisfaction On Perinatal Outcome

Introduction: Paternal involvement (PI) has been recognized to have an impact on pregnancy and in-fant outcomes. The mother抯 satisfaction during the birthing process is the most frequently reported in-dicator in the evaluation of the quality of maternity services. The aim of the study is to assess the effec-tiveness of self-instructional module on paternal attitude towards perinatal outcome and maternal satis-faction on paternal attitude. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 expectant fathers attending antenatal clin-ic. A five-point rating scale was used to assess the attitude of paternal on pregnancy and labour outcome and check list to assess the postnatal mother satisfaction. Results: The scores improved significantly after intervention, in experiment group, the pre-test, mean score was 78.61 and the post-test mean score was 120.56, whereas in the control group, the pre-test mean score of 79.43 and the post-test mean score was 80.25. In the experimental group, 81.88% of mothers were satisfied whereas 18.12% were not satisfied. In control group, 48.75% were satisfied, while 51.25% were not satisfied. Conclusion: Most fathers were very positive about their partner抯 pregnancy. They, however, need to be motivated to use that knowledge into practice.

As diversas faces da morte de crianças na perspectiva de médicos e enfermeiros / The diverse faces of child death from the perspective of doctors and nurses

Introdução: Adoecimento e morte de crianças são eventos pouco aceitos na sociedade. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de médicos e enfermeiros de terapia intensiva sobre a morte de crianças. Métodos: Estudo de aborda-gem qualitativa, com médicos e enfermeiros de três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI Pediátrica, UTI Neonatal e UTI Cardiológica) de um hospital de ensino. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas, transcritas e analisadas segundo análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 14 profis-sionais, com idade entre 28-53 anos, que possuíam tempo mínimo de dois anos de atuação em terapia intensiva e média de 43 horas semanais de trabalho. Os sentimentos e atitudes diante da morte emergiram da análise das falas e foram categorizados nos seguintes temas: percepção da morte na infância, obstinação terapêutica e so-frimento no encontro com as famílias. Os profissionais reconheceram lacunas na formação durante a graduação e pós-graduação para lidar com a morte de crianças. Sofrimento, ansiedade, culpa, frustração e impotência foram relatados, demonstrando a complexidade que envolve situações de morte de criança. A condição clínica e a capaci-dade de interação da criança influenciaram nas atitudes e na própria maneira do profissional lidar com a morte. A espiritualidade foi um importante mecanismo de enfrentamento. Conclusão: A morte de crianças em UTI provoca sentimentos ambivalentes em médicos e enfermeiros responsáveis pelo seu cuidado. Os profissionais sofrem pela morte de alguém que ainda não desfrutou da vida, porém a aceitam quando pensam no fim de uma vida marcada por sofrimentos e limitações impostos pela doença. O contato com o tema morte durante a formação profissional e nas discussões regulares dos serviços podem auxiliar na forma de lidar com esse evento. A espiritualidade foi um importante recurso de enfrentamento. (AU)

ntroduction: Sickness and death of children are little accepted events in society. Objective: To analyze the perception of intensive care doctors and nurses about the death of children. Methods: Qualitative approach study, with doctors and nurses from three Intensive Care Units (Pediatric ICU, Neonatal ICU and Cardiological ICU) of a teaching hospital. Recorded semi-structured interviews were carried out, transcribed and analyzed according to content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: 14 professionals were interviewed, aged 28-53 years, with a minimum of 2 years of intensive care experience time and an average of 43 hours of work per week. The feelings and attitudes towards death emerged from the speech analysis and were categorized in the following themes: per-ception of death in childhood, therapeutic obstinacy and suffering in meeting with families. Professionals recognized gaps in training during undergraduate and graduate studies to deal with the death of children. Suffering, anxiety, guilt, frustration, impotence and guilt were reported, demonstrating the complexity of child death situations. The clinical condition and the child's ability to interact influenced the attitudes and the professional's way of dealing with death. Spirituality was an important mechanism of confrontation. Conclusion: The death of children in ICU causes ambivalent feelings in doctors and nurses responsible for their care. Professionals suffer for the death of someone who has not yet enjoyed life, but accept it when they think about the end of a life marked by suffering and limitations imposed by the disease. Contact with the subject of death during professional training and in the regular discussions of services can help in the way to deal with this event. Spirituality was an important resource of coping. (AU)

Effects of vitamin D-induced supernatant of placental explants from preeclamptic women on oxidative stress and nitric oxide bioavailability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

The study evaluated the effect of the supernatant of placental explants from preeclamptic (PE) and normotensive (NT) pregnant women after tissue treatment with or without vitamin D (VD) on oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Placental explants were prepared from eight NT and eight PE women, and supernatants were obtained after incubation with or without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or VD. HUVEC were cultured for 24 h with supernatants, and the following parameters were analyzed in HUVEC cultures: NO, nitrate (NO3-), and nitrite (NO2-) levels, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results showed that the production of NO3-, NO2-, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ROS were significantly higher in HUVEC treated with explant supernatant from PE compared to NT pregnant women, while the supernatant of PE explants treated with VD led to a decrease in these parameters. A significantly high production of NO was detected in HUVEC cultured with control supernatant of NT group, and in cultures treated with supernatant of PE explants treated with VD. Taken together, these results demonstrated that cultures of placental explants from PE women with VD treatment generated a supernatant that decreased oxidative stress and increased the bioavailability of NO in endothelial cells.

Applicability of ARFI elastography in the evaluation of canine prostatic alterations detected by b-mode and Doppler Ultrasonography / [Aplicabilidade da elastografia ARFI na avaliação de alterações prostáticas caninas detectadas pela ultrassonografia modo-B e Doppler]

The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of ARFI elastography for the complementary diagnosis of canine prostatic alterations. Twenty-two healthy dogs and 45 with prostatic alterations were diagnosed by the association of general and specific physical exams. Complete blood count, B-mode and Doppler ultrasound were performed. For the elastography study, tissue homogeneity and deformity were verified using the elastogram, and the shear velocities of the left and right lobes of all prostates were obtained. The change in tissue homogeneity was observed in 62.2% of the animals, while the shear speed was significantly higher in dogs with prostatic alterations, with a cut-off point > 2.35m/s as an indication of change. All animals in both groups were non-deformable. It was concluded that ARFI elastography is capable of providing qualitative and quantitative results that assist in the diagnosis of canine prostatic alterations in a non-invasive way.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade da elastografia ARFI na complementação diagnóstica das alterações prostáticas em cães. Foram avaliados 22 cães saudáveis e 45 com alterações prostáticas, diagnosticadas pela associação de exames físicos geral e específico, hemograma, ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler. No estudo elastográfico, foram verificadas a homogeneidade e a deformidade tecidual, pelo elastograma, e obtidas as velocidades de cisalhamento dos lobos esquerdo e direito de todas as próstatas. A alteração de homogeneidade tecidual foi observada em 62,2% dos animais, enquanto a velocidade de cisalhamento se mostrou significativamente maior em cães com alterações prostáticas, com ponto de corte >2,35m/s como indicativo de alteração. Todos os animais de ambos os grupos se apresentaram não deformáveis. Concluiu-se que a elastografia ARFI é capaz de fornecer resultados qualitativos e quantitativos que auxiliam no diagnóstico das alterações prostáticas caninas de forma não invasiva.(AU)

A Review of Adipocytic Tumours, Highlighting the Changing Concepts.

Adipocytic tumours are the most common soft tissue tumours and are frequently encountered in the routine practice. Vast majority of adipocytic tumours are benign lipomatous tumours, but there are other rare heterogenous adipocytic neoplasms which can create diagnostic difficulties. It can vary from a locally recurrent tumour to a highly malignant type carrying a poor prognosis. The classification of adipocytic tumours has evolved in the last few decades due to advances in the understanding of pathogenetic basis that also provides a greater opportunity for the development of new treatment modalities. So, with the use of ancillary diagnostic tests, definite diagnostic criteria have been established, which have been described in WHO 2013 classification and recently a newer terminology have been described, which is Atypical Spindle Cell Lipomatous Tumour and it is considered as a separate entity based on its morphology and molecular studies. Lipomas are the most common benign adipocytic tumours and the less common tumours are lipoblastoma, angiolipoma, spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma, myolipoma, chondroid lipoma, lipomatosis of nerve and hibernoma. Well differentiated liposarcomas/ atypical lipomatous tumours are locally aggressive adipocytic neoplasms that do not metastasize. More aggressive liposarcomas include myxoid liposarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Within a time period of 6 months we received 362 adipocytic tumours in the department of Pathology, of which 354 were benign and 8 cases were intermediate (locally aggressive) and malignant which includes atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumour, atypical lipomatous tumour/ well differentiated liposarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The cases of atypical lipomatous tumour and atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumour, its histological and molecular basis will be discussed along with this review of literature. Atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumours are seen usually in the subcutaneous location with a wide anatomic distribution and more commonly seen in the adults of 6th decade. Gross appearance ranges from yellowish to whitish depending on the amount of adipocytic and fibrous differentiation. Microscopic study shows a hypercellular to a hypocellular lesion with mild to moderately atypical spindle cells, adipocytes, lipoblast, and occasional bizarre, hyperchromatic cells. The stroma can be myxoid or collagenous. Mitotic figures are sparse without any tumour necrosis. Rare heterologous differentiation and different growth patterns have been describedincluding solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) like pattern, angiofibroma like pattern, myxoid liposarcoma like pattern and pericytic pattern. Immunohistochemistry studies show variable expression of CD34, S100 and desmin. Molecular studies identified a characteristic loss of nuclear RB gene expression with deletion of 13q14. The indolent behaviour of atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumour, with very low recurrence rate, no risk of dedifferentiation and no reported distant metastasis / death from disease, highlights the importance of distinguishing it from atypical lipomatous tumour/well differentiated liposarcoma, in order to avoid aggressive surgical resections. So atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumour is now considered as an independent entity rather than a morphological variant of atypical lipomatous tumour.

Bioassay guided fractionation of Cyclea peltata using in vitro RAW 264.7 cell culture, antioxidant assays and isolation of bioactive compound tetrandrine

Background: Cyclea peltata is one of the herbs mentioned in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda and is used indifferent types of Ayurvedic gritham preparations. Moreover, in traditional/tribal medicine C. peltata isused as digestive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and to treat jaundice, digestive disorders, etc.Objective: Activity guided fractionation of C. peltata and in correlation with the levels of bioactivecompound tetrandrine.Materials and methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of total alkaloid content,preparation of different extracts of C. peltata (crude extract CP, hexane extract HCP, chloroform extractCCP, methanol extract MCP, alkaloid fraction ACP). In vitro anti-inflammatory studies using RAW264.7 cells and in vitro antioxidant assays of the different extracts of C. peltata. HPTLC estimation oftetrandrine (TET) was carried out using solvent system toluene: ethyl acetate: diethylamine (7.2: 2: 0.8)and isolation of TET from ACP.Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies of C. peltata showed the presence of alkaloid content in allextracts. Whereas, saponins, steroids and terpenoids were detected in CP and CCP. ACP and TET showedsignificant in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity when compared to other extracts. ACP andTET (100 mg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a in LPStreated RAW 264.7 cells. HPTLC estimation of bioactive compound tetrandrine was highest in ACP228.4 mg/mg followed by CP-29.62 mg/mg, CCP-23.46 mg/mg, MCP-18.82 mg/mg and HCP-1.25 mg/mg. TEThas been isolated from ACP.Conclusion: The results of the present in vitro assays revealed that the alkaloid fraction (ACP) is the mostactive fraction when compared to other extracts and has a positive correlation with the levels of bioactivecompound tetrandrine.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of twins in two pregnant bitches: case report / Diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de gestação gemelar em duas cadelas: relato de caso

Multiple pregnancies in humans account for only 3% of pregnancies, 97-98% of which are twin pregnancies and the morbimortality is higher in the monochorionic twins when compared to dichorionic ones. The canine species is naturally multiparous, but the diagnosis of monochorionic twin pregnancy is not common. The objective of this report was to describe the ultrasonographic diagnosis of monochorionic twin pregnancies in two bitches [Pug (case 1) and Shih tzu (case 2)]. It was possible to verify the presence of one gestational vesicle containing two fetuses in each female by observing two heads or two bodies within the same placental site. These fetuses presented adequate viability and normal organogenesis. Their development was similar to the other fetuses. In case 1 they were stillborn and smaller than the other five live-born fetuses. The twins in case 2 were born alive, but they also appeared smaller when compared to the littermates. The gestational risks associated with this condition in pregnant bitches are still unknown, however, there are reports of fetal death in monochorionic pregnancies in this species. Therefore, ultrasonographic exam during pregnancy allows an early monochorionic diagnosis and monitoring the fetal viability could bring health benefits to both the female and the littermates.(AU)

As gestações múltiplas em humanos correspondem a apenas 3% das gestações, sendo 97-98% dessas gestações gemelares. Sabe-se que a morbimortalidade fetal é maior em gêmeos monocoriônicos do que nos dicoriônicos. A espécie canina é naturalmente multípara, mas o diagnóstico gestacional de gêmeos monocoriônicos não é comum. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de gêmeos monocoriônicos em duas cadelas, sendo uma da raça Pug (caso 1) e outra da raça Shih-Tzu (caso 2). Foi possível verificar a presença de uma única vesícula gestacional contendo dois fetos em cada cadela, por meio da visibilização de duas cabeças ou de dois corpos dentro de uma mesma placenta. Esses fetos apresentavam viabilidade e organogênese adequadas e o grau de desenvolvimento era similar aos demais fetos da ninhada. No caso 1, os gêmeos nasceram mortos e de tamanho menor que os outros cinco fetos nascidos vivos. Os gêmeos do caso 2 nasceram vivos, mas também eram pequenos em relação aos irmãos da ninhada. Os riscos gestacionais associados a essa condição em cadelas ainda não são conhecidos, no entanto já existem relatos de morte fetal em gestação monocoriônica nessa espécie. Portanto, o exame ultrassonográfico durante a gestação permite um diagnóstico precoce da monocorionicidade, e a monitorização da viabilidade fetal pode trazer benefícios para a saúde da matriz, assim como para o restante da ninhada.(AU)

A Fission Yeast Bioassay For Rapid Screening For Antiproliferative Agents From Bauhinia Variegata And Leptadenia Reticulata

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of crude extracts from leaves of Bauhinia variegata and Leptadenia reticulata using fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model. The crude extracts of both plants were prepared by three experimental conditions (25°C, elevated temperature and ultrasound waves) and four solvent systems [Water, Methanol, Water: Methanol (1:1) and Chloroform: Methanol (1:1)]. MTT assay was performed for estimating the cell viability and the results were expressed as % growth inhibition. Overall based on the MTT assay performed on yeast cells, Water: Methanol, Methanol and Water extracts showed higher antiproliferative activity than the positive control (Paclitaxel) in a dose-dependent manner. For Bauhinia variegata and Leptadenia reticulata, methanol extract (25°C temperature & elevated temperature, respectively) exhibited highest inhibition which was approximately 80%. In conclusion, this study has indicated that Bauhinia variegata and Leptadenia reticulata extracts possess strong antiproliferative activity. Furthermore, it could act as a potential source for identifying new molecules with chemotherapeutic potential against cancer.

Alternativas diagnósticas de escabiose felina / Diagnostic alternatives of feline scabies

A sarna notoédrica é uma doença altamente pruriginosa, causada pelo ácaro Notoedres cati. O diagnóstico consiste na observação do ácaro no material analisado, sendo o raspado cutâneo o método mais utilizado. Outras técnicas têm surgido como alternativas menos invasivas no diagnóstico de sarnas, sobretudo para demodicose em cães, como a de fita de acetato e o arrancamento de pelos, que vêm se mostrando tão sensíveis quanto o raspado cutâneo no diagnóstico de tal dermatopatia. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o raspado cutâneo com dois métodos alternativos para diagnóstico de sarna notoédrica em gatos: fita de acetato e arrancamento de pelo, sendo possível concluir que o método da fita é tão sensível quanto o raspado cutâneo, ambos apresentando 100% de sensibilidade. A técnica de arrancamento de pelo apresentou sensibilidade significativamente menor para o diagnóstico de Notoedres cati, resultado esperado, uma vez que esse parasita habita principalmente porções superficiais da derme. Assim, o método da fita de acetato pode ser utilizado de forma eficaz e segura para o diagnóstico de sarna notoédrica em gatos, além de ser menos estressante aos animais, mais rápido e simples do que o raspado cutâneo.(AU)

Notoedric mange is a highly pruritic disease caused by the Notoedres cati mite. The diagnosis consists of the observation of the mite in the material analyzed, skin scrapings is the most used method. Other techniques have emerged as less invasive alternatives in the diagnosis of mange, especially for demodicosis in dogs, such as acetate tape and hair removal, which have shown to be as sensitive as skin scrapings in the diagnosis of such dermatopathy. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare skin scaling with two alternative methods for the diagnosis of notohedral scabies in cats: acetate tape and hair collection, and it is possible to conclude that the acetate tape method is as sensitive as skin scraping, both presenting 100% sensitivity. The hair pulling technique showed significantly lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of Notoedres cati, an expected result, since this parasite inhabits mainly superficial portions of the dermis. Thus, the tape method can be used effectively and safely for the diagnosis of notodroid mange in cats, as well as being less stressful to animals, faster and simpler than skin scraping.(AU)

Hematological and biochemical parameters in Spotted Paca (Cuniculus paca) undergoing pharmacological restraint and general anesthesia / Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos em Cuniculus paca sob contenção química e anesthesia geral

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chemical restraint, general anesthesia and opioid treatment on hematological components in Cuniculus paca. Eight healthy, adult, captivity female animals , underwent three laparoscopic procedures with a 15-day interval were evaluated. After physical restraint, an association of ketamine (25mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly for chemical restraint. Posteriorly, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane; and randomly administered methadone (0.5mg/kg), tramadol (5mg/kg) or saline-placebo (0,1mL/kg) intramuscularly. After pharmacological restraint and in the final laparoscopy stage, venous blood samples were obtained for complete blood count, total plasma protein (TP), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sodium, potassium, chloride and ionized calcium analysis. During general anesthesia, hemoglobin, TP concentration and lymphocytes decreased (P=0.029; <0.001; 0.022 respectively), whereas the potassium levels increased (P=0.034). In conclusion, chemical restraint with ketamine/midazolam association causes a slight decrease in blood cellular components. Isoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopic procedure lead to decrease in hemoglobin, lymphocytes and protein concentrations, while potassium increased, without any influence from the tramadol or methadone treatment. However, these alterations were transient, and its hematologic values can collaborate in carrying out epidemiological, pathophysiological or case studies in the Cuniculus paca.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de contenção química, anestesia geral e tratamento com opiáceos nos parâmetros hematológicos em Cuniculus paca. Foram avaliados oito animais saudáveis, fêmeas, adultas, de cativeiro, que foram submetidas a três procedimentos laparoscópicos, com intervalo de 15 dias. Após a contenção física, uma associação de cetamina (25mg/kg) e midazolam (0,5mg/kg) foi administrada por via intramuscular para contenção química. Posteriormente, a anestesia foi induzida e mantida com isoflurano, e administrou-se aleatoriamente metadona (0,5mg/kg), tramadol (5mg/kg) ou placebo salina por via intramuscular. Após a contenção farmacológica e em estágio final da laparoscopia, foram obtidas amostras de sangue venoso para contagem sanguínea completa, proteína de plasma total (TP), creatinina, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), cálcio, sódio, potássio e cloreto ionizado. Durante a anestesia geral, a concentração de hemoglobina, TP e linfócitos diminuiu (P= 0,029;< 0,001; 0,022, respectivamente), enquanto os níveis de potássio aumentaram (P= 0,034). Em conclusão, a contenção química com associação de cetamina/midazolam promove uma ligeira diminuição dos componentes celulares do sangue. A anestesia com isoflavano para o procedimento laparoscópico levou a uma diminuição das concentrações de hemoglobina, linfócitos e proteínas, enquanto o potássio aumentou, sem qualquer influência do tratamento com tramadol ou metadona. No entanto, essas alterações foram transitórias, e os seus valores hematológicos obtidos podem colaborar na realização de estudos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos ou casuísticas para Cuniculus paca.(AU)

Hipoparatireoidismo secundário ao uso prolongado de omeprazol em um cão: relato de caso / Secondary hypoparathyroidism to omeprazole prolonged use in a dog: case report

O hipoparatireoidismo, quer seja primário ou secundário, é uma doença rara em cães, causada pela diminuição da secreção de paratormônio pelas paratireoides, que leva a sinais clínicos resultantes da hipocalcemia. O omeprazol vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado na medicina veterinária visando à diminuição na produção de líquor, mas existem poucos estudos sobre os efeitos colaterais relacionados ao uso crônico dessa medicação. Relata-se o caso de um cão macho da raça Yorkshire Terrier, com quatro anos de idade, com sinais clínicos de dor, sendo verificada calcificação em pelve e divertículo renal. Segundo o proprietário, o cão fazia uso de omeprazol há mais de dois anos devido ao histórico de hidrocefalia. Os exames laboratoriais evidenciaram anemia microcítica hipocrômica, hipocalemia, hiperfosfatemia, hipocalcemia, hipomagnesemia e hipercalciúria. A dosagem do paratormônio sérico confirmou o hipoparatireoidismo. Após a suspensão do omeprazol, as alterações encontradas nos exames se normalizaram, confirmando que a causa do hipoparatireoidismo era o uso crônico da medicação.(AU)

Primary or secondary hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease in dogs caused by the decreased secretion of parathormone from the parathyroid glands, leading to clinical signs of hypocalcemia. Omeprazole has been increasingly used in veterinary medicine in order to reduce the production of cerebrospinal fluid, but there are few reports of side effects related to its chronic use. We report a case of a four-year-old male Yorkshire terrier with clinical signs of pain, calcification in the pelvis and renal diverticulum. According to the owner, the dog had been receiving omeprazole for over 2 years because of the history of hydrocephalus. Hematological exams revealed hypochromic microcytic anemia, hypokalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia besides hypercalciuria. The determination of serum parathyroid hormone concentrations confirmed hypoparathyroidism. After interrupting omeprazole, the altered features on the exams returned to normal values, confirming that the cause of hypoparathyroidism was the chronic use of the drug.(AU)

Comparison of two surgical approaches for Laparoscopic Ovum Pick Up in Ewes / Comparação de duas abordagens cirúrgicas para aspiração folicular laparoscópica em ovelhas

The present study had as an aim to evaluate a right lateral access as an alternative method to laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) in sheep. Twenty-four Santa Ines ewes were randomly assigned in two groups with twelve animals each: RLD - positioned in right lateral decubitus, with 10º head-down tilt; and DD - positioned in dorsal decubitus with 35º head-down tilt. The following parameters were evaluated every 10 minutes during the procedure: total surgical time (ST), visualized follicles (VF), aspirated follicles (AF), recovered oocytes (RO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and end tidal CO2 pressure (EtCO2). Pre and postoperative arterial hemogasometry parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, CHCO3 and BE) were also evaluated; and serum fibrinogen levels (SFL) on postoperative period. The values of VF, AF, RO, fR, PaO2, pH, CHCO3, BE and SFL were similar between groups, although ST, HR, MAP, EtCO2 and PaCO2 were higher in LG. Regarding operative periods, PaO2 and pH were lower after surgery (PaO2: 79.1±16.4; 79.2±11.7mmHg; pH: 7.30±0.09; 7.32±0.08) in both groups when compared to preoperative (PaO2: 80.1±14.3; 83.4±10.5 mmHg; pH: 7.38±0.05; 7.39±0.05) while PaCO2 (43.6±4.6; 41.9±5.4mmHg) and CHCO3 (22.8±1.5; 22.7±3.0mmol/L) increased (PaCO2: 54.3±10.9; 46.9±6.3mmHg; CHCO3: 24.8±3.4; 24.4±2.7mmol/L) postoperative. This alternative decubitus presented is a viable procedure and did not differ in oocyte recovery rates in ewes. However, entails cardiorespiratory major alterations compared to conventional procedure, making its practical applicability limited.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o acesso lateral direito como um método alternativo para a recuperação de oócitos por laparoscopia (LOPU) em ovelha. Vinte e quatro ovelhas Santa Inês foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos com 12 animais: grupo RLD - posicionado em decúbito lateral direito, cefalodeclive com 10º de inclinação; grupo DD - posicionado em decúbito dorsal em cefalodeclive, inclinação de 35º. Foram avaliados, a cada 10 minutos, durante o procedimento cirúrgico: tempo total da cirurgia (ST), folículos visualizados (VF), folículos aspirados (AF), oócitos recuperados (RO), pressão arterial média (MAP), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (fR) e pressão final de CO2 (EtCO2). Também foram avaliados os parâmetros de hemogasometria arterial pré-operatória e pós-operatória (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, CHCO3 e BE), bem como os níveis séricos de fibrinogênio (SFL) no período pós-operatório. Os valores de VF, AF, RO, fR, PaO2, pH, CHCO3, BE e SFL foram semelhantes entre os grupos, embora ST, FC, MAP, EtCO2 e PaCO2 tenham sido maiores em RLD. Os parâmetros PaO2 e pH foram menores após a cirurgia (PaO2: 79,1±16,4; 79,2±11,7mmHg; pH: 7,30±0,09; 7,32±0,08) em ambos os grupos em relação ao momento pré-cirúrgico (PaO2: 80,1±14,3; 83,4±10,5mmHg; pH: 7,38±0,05; 7,39±0,05), enquanto PaCO2 (43,6±4.6; 41,9±5,4mmHg) e CHCO3 (22,8±1,5; 22,7±3.0mmol/L) aumentaram (PaCO2: 54,3±10,9; 46,9±6,3mmHg; CHCO3: 24,8±3,4; 24,4±2,7mmol/L) após a cirurgia. O decúbito lateral é uma alternativa viável para LOPU e não apresenta diferença para a taxa de recuperação oocitária em ovelhas. No entanto, promove alterações cardiorrespiratórias em comparação com o decúbito dorsal, tornando a sua aplicabilidade prática limitada.(AU)

Mucinosis linfedematosa asociada a obesidad. reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Lymphedematous mucinosis associated with obesity. a case report and review of the literature

RESUMEN: La mucinosis linfedematosa asociada a obesidad es una dermatosis de reciente reconocimiento que corresponde al grupo de mucinosis cutáneas focales. Presenta un curso clínico caracterizado por la aparición progresiva de lesiones asintomáticas en las piernas de pacientes que concomitantemente cursan con obesidad y linfedema secundario en miembros inferiores.Su diagnóstico implica reconocer otros tipos de mucinosis cutáneas y realizar el diagnóstico diferencial respectivo, de acuerdo con el contexto clínico en el que se presenten las lesiones. Una vez establecido el diagnóstico, su manejo terapéutico debe ir dirigido a lograr una disminución significativa en el peso.

ABSTRACT: Lymphedematous mucinosis associated with obesity is a recently recognized dermatosis that corresponds to the group of focal cutaneous mucinosis. It presents a characteristic clinical course consisting of the progressive and asymptomatic appearance of lesions in the legs of adults who concomitantly have obesity and lymphedema secondary in the lower limbs, as in the clinical case that we will discuss. After having made the differential diagnosis with other possible types of cutaneous mucinosis, according to the clinical context in which the lesions occur, therapeutic management should be aimed at achieving a significant decrease in weight.

Molecular Docking Study Of Six Pyrimidine Derivatives As Egfr (EPIDERMAL Growth Factor Receptor) And Ca Ix (CARBONIC Anhydrase Ix) Inhibitor

Objective: The present study was carried out to discover whether these pyrimidine derivatives have the potential to be used as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX inhibitors through structure-based in silico study. Methods: Docking was performed on 6 pyrimidine analogs; cetuximab and curcumin were taken as reference drug. The structure of the target protein retrieved from the RCSB Protein databank and the protein-ligand docking was performed using Pyrx AutoDock wizard with MGL tools 1.5.6 by using Lamarckian algorithm. Results: All the compounds have shown lower binding energy and inhibition constant (Ki) value than reference drug cetuximab and curcumin. Out of the 6 inhibitors analyzed vkh has shown minimum binding energy against the target protein EGFR and CA IX respectively. Smaller Ki value shows stronger interaction. The scoring value of the interaction of vkh i. e-10.74 and-9.93 Kcal/mol and Ki 13.17ɳM and 53.04ɳM against the target protein EGFR and CA IX respectively while the reference drug cetuximab has shown binding energy-6.09 Kcal/mol with Ki value 34.44 µM and curcumin has shown binding energy-6.02 kcal/mol with Ki value 38.60 µM. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the molecule vkh could have potential to be used as an EGFR inhibitor and CA IX inhibitor.

Microbiological profile of septic arthritis in adults: Lessons learnt and treatment strategies

Objective: The aim of this study is to characterise the clinical and microbiological profile of adult patients treated at our orthopaedic unit with septic arthritic between 2006 and 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of septic arthritis between 2006 and 2017 were included in the study. The patients' clinical and epidemiological characteristics were surveyed; microbiological profile and the complications relating to the patients' treatment were identified. Results: Septic arthritis was more common among males (83%). About 75% of the patients presented with a history of fever. The knee was the most commonly affected joint (71%), followed by the hip. While C-reactive protein was found to be consistently >75, total blood white blood cell (WBC) counts were found not to be reflective of the presence of infection with a mean WBC count of only 13,561/cu.mm, and Gram stain examination had a poor sensitivity of 47%. Among the co-morbidities, the most prevalent association was with diabetes mellitus. The infectious agent most frequently isolated was Staphylococcus aureus(42.85%). The antibiotic sensitivity pattern has evolved since the early years, with resistant strains becoming increasingly prevalent. Unusually, high incidence of streptococci was noted (30%), contrary to the published literature. One-third of the patients had multi-resistant organisms. Septic arthritis left 70% of the patients with a significant residual disability at 6 months follow-up and had 4.25% mortality. Conclusion: Changing sensitivity patterns of microbes in septic arthritis point to a need for reconsidering empirical antibiotic therapy. Joint damage following infection can lead to significant disability.

Microbiological profile and outcomes of two-stage revision hip arthroplasty

Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most challenging cases that confront modern orthopaedics. Two-stage revision, which is the standard of care for PJI, is the preferred mode of treatment for these infections. Aims and Objectives: To study the microbiological profile of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) in the hip and to assess the efficacy of a two stage revision surgery for PJI. We also aimed to study the sensitivity and specificity of ESR and CRP in the diagnosis of PJI. Materials and Methods: The microbiological profile, clinical and radiological outcomes of 22 patients who had a two-stage revision for PJI of the hip between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed. PJI was defined using the criteria provided by the International Consensus Statement on PJI 2013. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common organism in PJI. Debridement was successful in removing the organism in 74% of PJI. At the time of re-implantation (second stage), six joints grew organisms that were different from that isolated at the index debridement - coagulase-negative staphylococci (3cases) and enterococci (3cases). Other infection parameters for these patients were negative. None of the patients who had two-stage revision surgery had clinical evidence of reinfection or radiological evidence of loosening at a mean of 2-year follow-up. An ESR cut off of >30mm/hr had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 88% in predicting PJI. A CRP >10mg/L had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 69%. The sensitivity and specificity of using both ESR and CRP cut-offs in the diagnosis of infection were 57% and 94%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 94% and negative predictive value was 56%. Conclusion: The outcomes of the study justify a two-stage revision arthroplasty for PJI of the hip. The use of ESR and CRP as screening tests for the success of debridement has value - but should be interpreted with caution.