ABSTRACT
Background: Fenugreek and Fennel seed has galactogogues properties due to phytoestrogen structure and can increase the volume of breast milk
Objective: The aim of this study was to comparison the effect of herbals teas containing Fenugreek seed and Fennel seed on the signs of breast milk sufficiency in girl infants with 0-4 months of age
Methods: This study was a triple blind clinical trial with placebo group. 117 mothers with 0-4 months girl infants randomly were placed in one of the three groups: herbal tea containing Fenugreek seed powder, herbal tea containing Fennel seed powder and placebo group. Before and during 4 weeks of study, the signs of breast milk sufficiency were evaluated through measurement of weight, height and head circumference and follow-up forms for measuring the number of wet diapers in a day, Frequency of defecation and infant breastfeeding times
Results: Before and after the intervention there was no significant difference in the signs of breast milk sufficiency between Fenugreek and Fennel groups. While before the intervention there was no significant difference in signs of breast milk sufficiency between three groups [P>0.05], but the number of breastfeeding times of placebo group was more than interventions groups [P<0.001]. At the end of fourth week repeated measures analysis showed, Fenugreek and Fennel significantly improved the signs of breast milk sufficiency compared with the placebo group [P<0.001]. But the height growth had no significant difference between the three groups [P=0/094]
Conclusion: Herbals teas of Fenugreek seed and Fennel seed in comparison to placebo group improves the signs of breast milk sufficiency
ABSTRACT
Social capital is one of the concepts in social sciences which during the short time, less than two decades, not only has been populared in academic environments as a scientific term, but also it could arrive into the level of policy-making. The importance of the concept is up to high level that there is a special act about social capital in the fourth program of economic, social and cultural development. Also, social capital is called as an desired characteristic in the document of Iranian development for the year of 2025. But, how is the situation of social capital in the Iranian society? This article, that is extracted from a survey research with a provincial approach and carried out in 2006, try to answer the question. The main target of the study is measuring and ranking of social capital in 20 townships of Isfahan province. The data are gathered by interview based on a standardized questionnaire. The sample size are 4739 cases who have been selected on the basis of a quota method by sex, age group and region. The results have revealed that in some subdimensions such as institutional trust, trust towards family members, friends and acquintances, security feeling, social participation and social mediation are in better situation than the others that consist generalized trust, the new pattern of participation and civil engaging of citizens in social life. The most important result shows that Isfahan city, as the center of the province, accompanied by city of Khomeinishahr are located in the lowest rank of the social capital hierarchy in comparison with other townships