[Therapeutic effect of cryotherapy in facial lentigo and junctional nevus]

Superficial pigmented lesions are the most common complaint in dermatology. This study was done to assess the therapeutic effect of cryotherapy in facial lentigo and junctional nevus. In this descriptive study, 100 cases of flat-pigmented lesions with diameters up to 2 mm and after taking a photograph with USB microscope M2 [Scalar] treated with one freeze thaw cycle with liquid nitrogen through an applicator for 2 second in Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran during 2004-05. The patients were visited 3 times again through 3 successive months. According to the decrease in color of the lesion, patients were divided into 4 groups: sever pigmentation, no response, partial [>50% color loss] and complete response [<50% color loss]. Data were analyzed using SPSS-11.5 and Wilcoxon test. 96% of our patients were female and 4% were male. Mean age was 30 +/- 11.7 years. Based on Fitzpatrick criteria fifteen patients had type 2, fifty had type 3 and 35 had type 4 skin color. After the period of 3 months follow up, 6% of the patients completely healed, 58% had partial response, 31%with no response and 5% develop hyperpigmentation. Response in patients with type 2 Fitzpatrick skin color was clinically better than type 3 and 4 but this difference was not significant. Cryotherapy is considered as a simple, cost effective and safe therapeutic regiment in treating of 64% facial pigmental lesions

[Comparing the effect of 10% lidocain spray and dorsal penis nerve block on the pain of neonatal circumcision]

Neonates have complete insight into the pain. Pain not only causes physiologic and emotional alteration in neonates but also has long-term detrimental effects. Circumcision using dorsal penis nerve block is one of the most common surgical procedures in male neonates. Despite this method is effective, it has few complications. For instance, there is the risk of injecting lidocain in the vein and also there is the possibility of formation of hematoma on the injection site. However, lidocain spray does not cause these complications. The present study is conducted to compare the effect of these two methods on the level of pain after circumcision. This randomized clinical trail study was conducted on 54 neonates who were circumcised. Of these, 25 neonates were anaesthetized using lidocain spray 10%. The remaining [n=29] were received dorsal penis nerve block for the local anesthesia. The severity of pain was measured using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale [NIPS] in three different occasions when the circumcision procedure was being condacted [time 0], and 15 and 30 minutes after circumcision. Mann Whitney U test and t-test were used for comparing the severity of pain in the two groups. In both groups severity of pain was decreasing over the time. The severity of pain among those who received dorsal penis nerve block was less than that of neonates in the other group in both occasions during circumcision [time 0] and 15 minutes after circumcision. However, there was no significant difference of pain severity between the two groups 30 minutes after circumcision. During circumaision and 15 minutes after the procedure, the effect of lidocain spray on the pain of circumcision was less than the effect of dorsal penis nerve block. However, 30 minutes after circumcision the effect of lidocain spray on the pain was comparable with the effect of dorsal penis nerve block method. It can be concluded that regarding the physiological and emotional responses after circumcision, in comparison with lidocain spray, dorsal penis nerve block can be a more effective method for relieving the pain caused by circumcision. However, more investigations are needed to study the side effects of this method

Prevalence of pediculosis capitis in primary shcool girls in mashhad city

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis persists as a health problem in many countries and children are the mostly involved group. There are few studies about it's prevalence and distribution in our community. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of pediculosis capitis in a part of society and to detect its relation with age and socio- economic level

Material and Methods: This study was done in primary schools of different areas of Mashhad in 2001-2002. 769 girls between 7 to 12 years of age were examined with random sampling method . The results of examination and information about the age, socio-economic level and clinical signs and symptoms were recorded by use of a questionaire, then our collected data were analysed by using statistical tables

Results: 59 cases of 769 students had pediculosis capitis [Prevalence = 7.6%]. The most common age of infestation was 8 and it was significantly more common in low socio-economic classes than high socio - economic classes. [72/88%, 1/6% respectively]. Most of the cases were in the group of moderate severity [49.2%]. Occiput was the most commonly infested area, and itching was seen in 39% of cases as a major

Conclution: symptom pediculosis capitis is an important health problem in our primary school students specially in low social classes, it seems necessany to examine students by trained people to find infested students