[Retention of fissure sealants used with enamel and dentin bonding agents]

Tooth decay is the most common chronic disease. Fissure sealant therapy is among the suitable treatments to prevent occlusal caries. The ability of fissure sealant to prevent pit and fissure caries is due to the sealant retention. Considering the fact that several bonding agents are available in the market, clinical studies are required to assess the durability of sealants after using bonding agents. The purpose of this study was to compare the durability of fissure sealants bonded with dentin and enamel bonding agents after 12 months. A total of 30 healthy 6 to 12 year-old patients presenting with at least one caries-free, fully erupted molar tooth at each side of their mandible were selected. All fissures of 60 molars were sealed using the following two techniques: Group1: acid etchant + Single Bond [3M, ESPE] dentin bonding agent +Eco-S [VERICOM]; group 2: acid etchant + Margin Bond [Coltene/Whaledent AG] enamel bonding agent +Echoseal sealant. Cotton roll isolation was used in both groups. Sealants were evaluated 12 months after placement. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test. There was no significant difference between the two examined groups. Clinical success was 60% in group 1[dentin bonding agent] and 56.66% in group 2 [enamel bonding agent]. Although no significant difference was found between the two groups, it seems that bonding agents with hydrophilic groups show more favorable results especially when appropriate isolation is not achieved

[Congenital intestinal malrotation as the serious cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction]

Congenital intestinal malrotation as an abnormal embryonic intestinal rotation and fixation leads to various clinical presentations of high complete or incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially midgut volvulus and extensive intestinal loss that may cause short bowel syndrome or death of the patient. we conducted this study to assay clinical presentations, surgical findings, mode of management and outcome of neonates with intestinal malrotation. We studied retrospectively data of 25 neonates with intestinal malrotation in 3 hospitals of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences [1985-2003]. Patients consisted of 17 males and 8 females. 5 [24%] patients had extensive intestinal gangrene that resulted in short bowel syndrome in 2 patients. 7 [20%] patients died, 5 of them due to intestinal volvolus and 2 other due to associated anomalies and sepsis. Most common clinical signs and symptoms were vomitus [96%], bilious vomiting [80%], constipation [24%],], coliky abdominal pain [23%]. Abdominal distention was observed only in patients with volvolus [38%]. Obstipation [31%] and rectorragia were seen only in patients with volvolus and intestinal gangrene. 28% of neonates had associated anomalies. Malrotion was suggested by abdominal X-ray in 3 out of 12 [25%], barium enema in 9 out of 11 [81.8%], and gastrointestinal follow through in 3 out of 4 [75%] examinations. 3 patients were surgically managed according to only one abdominal X-ray. Ladd procedure was performed in all patients and other necessary corrective operations for associated anomalies included intestinal resection with anastomisis in 5 and intestinal resection with entrostomy in 2 cases. To prevent extensive intestinal loss due to intestinal volvolus in neonates with abrupt bilious vomiting, malrotation must be excluded, and if a volvulus is suspected, emergency laparotomy should be undertaken

[ survey of etiology of intestinal obstruction in a pediatric surgery center in Tehran]

Intestinal obstruction is a common cause of abdominal surgery in pediatric age group. A delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease can lead to serious complications. This study has been conducted to evaluate different causes of intestinal obstruction. 231 children were operated on intestinal obstruction. Prior to surgery all patients underwent a labarotory examination consisting of CBC, abdominal X'ray and, if necessary, gastrointestinal [GI] study with contrast media or CT-Scan and sonography. Final diagnosis was reached by surgical findings. 231 children were operated due to intestinal obstruction. Among these, 128 cases, [55.4%] were male and 103 cases [44.6%] were female. The causes of intestinal obstruction were: Incarcerated hernia in 41 cases [17.7%], GI atresia in 38 cases [16.4%], malrotation in 32 cases [13.8%], anorectal malformation in 29 cases [12.5%] and benign or malignant masses inside or outside GI tract in 28 cases [12.1%]. The most common causes of intestinal obstruction were: incarcerated hernia, GI atresia and malrotation

Transverse testicular ectopia: a report of two cases

Two cases of transverse testicular ectopia [TTE] with adhesions of part of both vasa deferentia are reported, and the possible mechanisms are discussed. These two cases are the first to be reported from Iran. Ombredanne's trans-septal technique for orchiopexy may be necessary in cases of undescended testes, in order to prevent unnecessary dissection and adhesions of both testes