ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the anti-angiogenic and anticancer activities of Psidium guajava leaf extracts against angiogenesis-dependent colorectal cancer. Methods: Three extracts were produced using distilled water, ethanol, and n-hexane as solvents. The extracts were physically characterised through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content assays. To assess their anti-angiogenic activity, cell viability and rat aortic ring assays were conducted, while cell migration, tube formation, colony formation, and VEGF ELISA assays were conducted to elucidate their effects on different aspects of angiogenesis. Molecular docking was used to assess the anti-angiogenic potential of some possible compounds in the extracts. Tumour spheroid assay was used to assess the extracts' potential as a treatment for colorectal cancer. Results: The ethanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity. The distilled water and ethanol extracts exhibited more inhibitory activity against EA.hy926 cell viability and aortic ring microvessel growth. In addition, the ethanol extract performed significantly better than the distilled water extract against cell migration and colony formation, and VEGF expression of the cells was suppressed by the ethanol extract. Both the distilled water and ethanol extracts showed significant inhibitory effect on EA.hy926 tube formation and tumour spheroids consisting of EA.hy926 and HCT116 cells. The ethanol extract contained β-caryophyllene and β-elemene by phytochemical analysis and subsequent docking studies, which may contribute to its anti-angiogenic activity. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Psidium guajava has potential in the treatment of colorectal cancer through the inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Background: commissioning tests are recommended before implementing Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. This study evaluated five different plans of IMRT mocks for different modulation indices
Materials and Methods: IMRT tests were done in slab phantom for both 6MV and 15 MV photon energies using a 2D array ion chamber dosimeter
Results: the acceptance criteria were based on 3% /3mm. All tests passed the gamma criteria except for the prostate test with 15 MV photon beams and C shape test for both 6 MV and 15 MV energies. The Ratio passing points for Multi target test in 6 MV and 15 MV plans were 93.1% and 91.5%, respectively. The results of the prostate tests with 3%/3mm was 92.3% for 6MV and 91.2% for 15 MV in 4%/4 mm tolerance limit. For Head and Neck test with the same gamma criteria, the percentages of the points were 93.2 and 94 for 6 MV and 15 MV plans, respectively. For C shape tests, the used gamma criteria were 4%/ 4 mm. The ratio passing points were 94.9% and 94.3% for 6MV and 15MV plans, respectively. However, C shape hard test could not pass the gamma criteria of 4%/ 4mm for 6MV
Conclusion: results showed that by increasing the complexity of the IMRT plan, the verification test must be done in a more strict-manner, because a small change in dose delivery can cause a large discrepancy between planned and real dosimetry and may produce hot spots in organs or a cold spot in the target volume
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Today is the communication and information time. We need communication for gathering information. Although with advances in technology, we can communicate and recombinate faster than before. the advances has had the most effect on the educational environment and has changed it to digital or virtual areas. Since the adventure and expansion of the internet, it has been used as communication, information, and education resource. Libraries have an important rolein educational processes. By the use of modern technology, the libraries play a beneficial role in educational processes more than before. In this article, after the definition of education, technology, information and communication, the role of virtual libraries in education and their importance, advantages and disadvantages are discussed. As new phenomena, virtual libraries have made revolution in various levels of the medical education according to modern and community- based medical society needs and educational philosophy
Subject(s)
Libraries, Medical , Education, Medical , Information ScienceABSTRACT
Gadolinium-porphyrins have been synthesized and are currently being investigated as magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast agents. This study aimed to synthesize Gd-hematoporphyrin and applicate it for in vitro detection of breast cancer cell line [MCF-7]. The naturally occurring porphyrin [hematoporphyrin] was inserted with gadolinium [III] nitrate hexahydrate to yield Gd-H. T1 relaxation times and signal enhancement of the contrast agents were presented, and the results were compared. UV spectrophotometer measured the attachment of Gd to the cell membrane of MCF-7. Most of gadolinium chloride [GdCl3] was found in the washing solution, indicate that it didn't fixed to the breast cell membranes during incubation. Gd-DTPA showed some uptake into the MCF-7 cell membranes with incubation, however, its uptake was significantly lower than Gd-H. Good cell memberan uptake of Gd-porphyrin is comparable to controls, indicating selective delivery it to the breast cell line and considerable potency in diagnostic MR imaging for detection of breast cancer