ABSTRACT
Background: Placenta is a functional unit between the mother and the fetus. It is the discoid, deciduate,haemochorial, chorioallantoic, endocrine gland which connects developing embryo by umbilical cord to theuterus. It develops from two sources. The fetal component which is the principal component develops fromchorion frondosum and the maternal component from decidua basalis. If the decidual part of the placenta ishealthy, the embryogenesis from germinal period up to the end of fetal period will be healthy. Otherwise it willlead to anomalies of the placenta, umbilical cord and of the fetus including low birth weight. There is a provendirect relationship between placental growth, fetal well-being and finally fetal outcome.Aim: To study the morphometry of placenta in relation to birth weight of full term newborns.Methodology: For the study, 60 discarded placentae were collected at random from deliveries (both vaginal andcaesarian) conducted at the teaching hospital of Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences. Thirty out of the sixtyplacentae were from controls (birth weight > 2500gms) and thirty from low birth weight deliveries (birth weight<2500gms). In the collected placenta, the weight, volume, diameter and thickness of placenta were measured. Thefoeto-placental ratio and placental co-efficient was calculated.Results: Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between placental morphometry and birth weight.Conclusion: Because of the growing evidence of correlation of placental morphology with chronic diseases inlater life, we suggest examination of placenta at the time of birth.
ABSTRACT
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. This study is about the etiological and clinical profile of paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF. Aim: The aim of this article was to review the clinical epidemiological features of atrial fibrillation. Materials and methods: A hospital-based descriptive study was conducted among 50 patients, diagnosed as atrial fibrillation in Cardiology Department, from 2016 to 2017. Results: Out of 50 patients with atrial fibrillation, 32% were aged between 60 – 69 years and 42(84%) were females and 8 (16%) were males. Permanent AF was seen in 56% patients. Conclusions: Palpitation followed by dyspnoea was the major symptoms encountered with atrial fibrillation, and in females within the age group of 50 years and above are prone to develop AF.