[Relationship between psychosocial care and attitude toward disease in adolescence with epilepsy]

Introduction: Epilepsy is a significant health problem in Iran as other countries. Previous studies related to epilepsy in Iran are often associated with physiological aspects and pharmacological therapy and little attention has been paid to psychosocial care, especially in adolescence. Therefore aim of this research assessing the relationship between psychosocial care and attitude towards illness

Methods: A descriptive correlational design uses 74 adolescents within the Neurology Clinic, affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were collected using a tool consisting of: [1]Patient demographic characteristics, [2]" child report of psychosocial care scale", [3] "Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale". The validity of scale has done with content validity and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis [Spearman's test] was used

Result: The results about adolescent attitude showed that the most item was "bad attitude due to epilepsy" [59.8%]. Report of adolescent about ppsychosocial care showed more than half of the patients in all items in subscale 1 [patient received explanation from doctor or nurse] are received fewer explanations. In the subscale 2 [worry about seizure attack] greatest concern was "worry about telling others about your seizure condition" [31.3%]. In the subscale 3 [Informational needs] more than half of patients require additional education and information in all items. There was a significant positive correlation between psychological care with attitude toward illness [p<.05]. There is no evidence for routine psychological consultation for our sample

Conclusion: Considering the results of this study on psychosocial care, indicates lack of information and need training about disease, therefore attention and interference in the concerns of epileptic adolescents through the educational materials such as pamphlets and booklets or designing web site for patients, holding training sessions and group discussions for adolescents could reduce their concerns and improve attitudes

[Relationship self-efficacy with perception of prognosis among cancer patients]

Introduction: Any change in current procedure of disclosure of cancer prognosis needs studies investigating the relationship of such information with mental status of cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of prognosis with self -efficacy among cancer patients

Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, 200 cancer patients referred to Shahid Ghazi Hospital and private offices of two oncologists in Tabriz were participated. The sampling method was convenience sampling method. Perception of prognosis was investigated by Perception of Prognosis and self-efficacy was investigated by Cancer Behavior Inventory. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS software version 13 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test

Results: The mean age of patients was 44.5 years. One hundred three patients [52.6%] were female. Participants reported positive perception about the prognosis of their disease [score 11 from 15] and rated their self-efficacy as high [score 236 from 297]. There was positive correlation between perception of prognosis and spiritual health among cancer patients [r=0.39, p=0.001]

Conclusion: Patients who have a more negative perception of their prognosis had more negative self-efficacy. Therefore, cultural factors should be considered in disclosure of cancer related information. Nevertheless, approving these results needs further studies

[Workplace violence against nurses from the viewpoint of patients]

Introduction: Workplace violence against nurses is a complex phenomenon and many factors are involved in its creation. Also, until now only the viewpoint of nurses about this phenomenon were investigated. So, the aim of present study was to investigate the perception of patients about the nature of workplace violence against nurses in Tabriz educational centers

Methods: In this descriptive study 384 patients who hospitalized in medical -surgical wards of Tabriz educational centers in 2012 were participated using simple random method. The data gathering instrument was a modified version of workplace violence in health sectors designed by World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed using SPSS [version 13] software

Results: Patients reported 204 occurrence of workplace violence during their hospitalization in verbal [66.2%], cultural [19.1%], sexual [9.8%] and physical [4.9%] types. Patients and their companions were the most actors of workplace violence. Most frequent reason for workplace violence was inappropriate encounter of health care personnel with patients and their companions and most frequent reaction of nurses to workplace violence was doing nothing

Conclusion: Results of this research confirm the high prevalence of workplace violence against Iranian nurses. It seems that maybe by enhancing communication skills of nurses, education of patients and stiff follow up of violence instances the high prevalence of workplace violence against nurses may decrease

[Preparations for infants discharge from neonatal intensive care unit: a content analysis]

The discharge of infants from NICU increased in recent years, it is considered to have the discharge plan modified with the aim of increasing survival rate and decreasing morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, the purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the preparations for discharge of infants from neonatal intensive care unit. A qualitative study [Conventional content analysis approach] was used. Data collection was done through interviews with 18 nurses, physicians and mothers and participant observation in neonatal intensive care units of university hospitals in Isfahan and Tabriz, Iran. MAXQDA, a qualitative data analysis package, was used for coding. Two themes and six categories were identified including: Teaching mothers [motivation, educational needs, learning recourses and enabling teachings] and providing discharge criteria [maintaining neonate`s health and trust to mother`s ability]. The result of the study revealed that not all, but some of the preparations elaborated during the process of discharge are incomplete and must be improved by developing a discharge plan to reach desired level. The result of this study can be beneficial to promote neoned at intensive care.

[ comparison of the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 2% and alcohol ethylic 70% in prevention of phlebitis]

Over 80% of hospitalized patients receive IV therapy through peripheral catheters during a hospital stay. This technique of therapy has numerous complications such as phlebitis which can affect the patient's health state. The prevalence of phlebitis in Iran is higher than other countries. So, according to high prevalence of phlebitis and insufficient researches about chlorhexidine gluconate solution as a selective disinfectant for prevention of phlebitis, research in this subject seems necessary. This research is a clinical trial study which was done on hospitalized patients in Tabriz Imam Khomeini hospital in internal wards. For this aim collectively 60 patients were studied in chlorhexidine gluconate 2% and Alcohol ethylic [Ethanol] 70%.The Samples were selected through available sampling and divided in two groups randomly. Data collecting tool was observing checklist which includes two sections: demographic characteristics and standard scale of phlebitis signs and symptoms. This research showed that incidence of phlebitis in chlorhexidine group was 36.7% and in Alcohol ethylic group was 53.3% which there was no significant differences between both groups [p>0.05]. Although there were no significant differences between using of two solutions on prevention of phlebitis, but incidence, signs and symptoms of phlebitis in chlorhexidine group was lower than Alcohol ethylic group. So, it is suggested as a selected solution for disinfecting of catheter insertion site.

[Recognition of experienced psychologic varieties in women's sexual relationship after childbirth]

Sexual issues are among the first important subjects in marital life and adaptation in sexual relationship is a key factor to happiness. The aim of this study was to phenomenologically assess the experienced psychological changes in women's sexual relationship after childbirth.This was a qualitative study performed in Tabriz University in 2006 using an open and in-depth interview along with objective sampling. Volunteers were asked to express their views about their experienced psychosomatic changes in sexual relationship. Interviews were recorded and further typed and analyzed using Colizzi method. Several psychological changes including dyspareunia, tiredness, anxiety, fear and change in body image were revealed to occurr after childbirth. As identification and removal of experienced psychological changes in women after childbirth is of prime priority, attention to sexual health should be considered as an essential component of any caring package to improve women's troubled and difficult sexual relationship

[ relationship between learning characteristics and academic achievement in nursing and midwifery students]

One of the reasons causing academic failure among students is disregarding factors affecting learning. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between academic achievement of nursing and midwifery students and their learning characteristics including study style, control locus, and self-organized learning factors which are modifiable issues in learning. In this correlational study, all nursing and midwifery students with average grade of 17 and above [high academic achievement] or average grade of 14 and lower [low academic achievement] in Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery were investigated through census sampling method in the year 2005-2006. Data was gathered using questionnaires of "Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory," "Karami Study Methods," "Julian Rotter Locus of Control," and "Motivational Strategies for Learning" and then, was analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression test by SPSS software. Logistic regression analysis showed that control locus [P=0.008] and motivational strategies for learning [P= 0.032] had a significant relationship with academic achievement of students. Control locus and motivational strategies for learning, were recognized as determining factors in academic achievement. Taking the results of this study into consideration, running workshops or seminars on the issue of "Locus of control related to learning" and "motivational strategies for learning" are recommended for learning improvement in first year students

[Challenges of nursing students during their study: a qualitative study]

Several studies have recommended revisions in educational programs based on learners' feedbacks and needs. This study was performed with the aim of exploring and describing the meaning of challenges and feelings experienced by nursing students during their study. This qualitative study was performed as phenomenology on 20 senior nursing students selected by purposeful sampling method. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering. Data was analyzed by the team of researchers using hermeneutic analysis method. Findings were categorized into three major themes including challenge of "integrating knowledge and practice" with minor themes of employing theory in practice, using nursing procedure, and following scientific principles in clinic, the challenge of "management of learning environment" with the minor themes of environmental factors' effect on students' learning, causes of hopelessness and disappointment with nurses, preference in evaluation, deficiencies of educational programming, and lack of respecting patients' rights and privileges, and the challenge of "lack of community's respect to the value of nursing" with the minor themes including recognizing stAuts of nursing discipline, and the necessity for its revision, attitude of individuals and society toward nursing and limited independence of nursing. Interviewing students provided an insight into the challenges of educational environment which students had faced, during their study. Using the results of this study, nursing educators could build a positive and stimulating environment for students' learning and motivate them to maintain their interest in education and learning

[Assessing clinical education fields from the viewpoints of nursing and midwifery instructors in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2006]

Promoting clinical education quality, requires continuous assessment of the current situations in clinical education fields, identifying the strengths, and improving the weaknesses. The aim of this study was to assess clinical education fields of School of Nursing and Midwifery from the viewpoints of its faculty members. This study which is a description of current situation in clinical education fields, was carried out during the second semester of 2004-2005 academic year. The study population included clinical education teachers of school of nursing who were selected by census sampling method through 4 sessions held with the members of different departments of medical surgical, midwifery, pediatrics, health and psychiatric nursing. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisted of two parts: Clinical teachers' demographic data and the characteristics of clinical education field including 5 parts of the feAutres of compiled education program in the field, appropriate learning fields, method of education, method of evaluation, and other indices. Clinical teachers assessed educational departments of pediatrics [54.2 percent], medical-surgical [43.8 percent], midwifery [61.6 percent], and health and psychiatric nursing [57.5 percent] as good and excellent. Considering compiled program, clinical education fields were described as good and excellent by 74.9 percent of the participants. Some strength of this aspect included introducing the course objectives at the first day of clinical education as well as presenting references according to the references introduced by the related ministry. Appropriate position of nursing students and instructors in the field and also the unimportant role of the educational department in the management of the educational field were amongst weaknesses of this aspect. Although some aspects of clinical education field were good and excellent, improving positive aspects and modifying the weaknesses may be an effective step in clinical education quality promotion. Continuous assessment of clinical fields and comparing the current situation with the previous situation can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of clinical education

Relationship between quality of life and social support in hemodialysis patients in Imam Khomeini and Sina educational hospitals of Tabriz university of medical sciences

The main treatment of chronic renal failure is kidney transplantation. But unfortunetly patients should be treated by dialysis, until being transplantated. In spite of therapetics effects of hemodialysis, these patients are faced with various physical and psychological stressful factors which leads to decreasing quality of life. There have been done a few research on social support of hemodialysis patients in the world, and their quality of life in Asian countries, specialy in Iran, so in this research beside of determining quality of life and social support of hemodialysis patients we are going to measure their relationship with each other. For this purpose, all hemodialysis patients who had interance criterias and were hospitalized in hemodialysis wards of Tabriz Medical Sciences University hospitals; were selected and data were collected by interviewing and completing questionnaire including three parts of demographic, quality of life, and social support. The results indicate that quality of life in 56.1%, and social support in 50.6% of hemodialysis patients were desirable, and there is a direct and significant relationship between these two variables [p< 0.001, r = 0.4]. In quality of life subsecter, social dimension in 88% of patients was desirable, while physical dimension [57/3%] and psychological dimension [53%] in most of the patients were undesirable. In social support subsecters, emotional support [57.3%] was the bigest amount, while it was 14% of total variance of quality of life. The effects of instrumental support, and informational support on quality of life were not statistically meaningful. Nearly half of the mentioned patients had not desirable quality of life and social support, and regarding to positive relationship between these two concepts specially important effects of supports in emotional subsector, it is suggested that health care planner and managers in addition of increasing instrumental and informational support should take care of emotional support in such groups for improving quality of life in hemodialysis patients

[Nature of violence toward nurses working in hospitals]

Although anyone working in hospital may become victim of physical and verbal violence, nurses who have direct contact with patients and their relatives are at high risk. The aim of this study was determination of nature and extent of violence toward nurses in hospitals. This descreptive study was carried out on 468 nurses working in hospitals in East Aazarbaijan. The data were collected through modified "workplace violence in health sector Questionnaire" after obtaining validity and reliability through test-re-test. Most violences toward nurses were verbal, physical, racial and sexual violence, respectively. Most perpetrators were relatives of patients. Reaction of most nurses was "told the person to stop". Report of incidence and organization reaction against violence was low. Findings from this study are consistent with previous researches. We suggest, preventive affairs and development new protocols for reporting of violence incidence, so that can improve workplace safety and quality of care