[Effect of ginger root powder on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses induced by resistance training Delrome style in male volleyball players]

Background and Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger root powder on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses induced by resistance training Delrome style in male volleyball players

Materials and Methods: 20 male volleyball players were randomly assigned to experimental [n=10] and placebo [n=10] groups. The first set of light to heavy training programs was performed at 50% of 1RM, the second set at 75%, and finally at 100% of 1RM. Ginger supplement capsules were consumed three times a day for a week [total dose of 3 g]. Blood samples were collected from the subjects after 12 hours of fasting at the baseline and after each set of exercise. Data were analyzed by dependent t-test and ANOVA repeated measures. P<0.05 was considered significant

Results: the results showed that the levels of cortisol increased at rest and immediately after exercise in the experimental group compared to the cortisol levels in the placebo group. However, it reduced 24 hours after training, but this reduction was not significant. IL-10 levels reduced significantly immediately after exercise in the experimental group [P=0.01]. Also, the levels of TNF-alpha before and after supplementation reduced significantly in the experimental group [P=0.018]

Conclusion: although Delrome style training increases inflammation, use of ginger before training can lead to more beneficial effect on exercise induced Inflammation

[Effects of active recoveries with and without creatine on inflammatory markers and physical performance in young women after bouts of maximum swimming]

Background and Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of active recoveries in and out of the water with and without creatine monohydrate consumption on some inflammatory markers and physical performance after six bouts of maximum intermittent swimming in young women

Materials and Methods: sixteen healthy non-elite swimmers in a semi-experimental study were randomly assigned to 2 groups of in and out of the water active recoveries. They performed six repeated sprints swimming bouts of 50-m in and out of water, with rest intervals of 120 seconds. The subjects received supplementation 4 times a day for 6 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni test and also independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant

Results: the results showed that there was no significant difference between the effect of in and out of the water recovery on the level of IL-6 [P=0.110] and the VCAM1 [P=0.012] following frequent maximum intermittent swimming. There were significant differences within each group in the levels of IL-6 [P=0.042] and VCAM1 [P=0.012] after creatine supplementation. The percent of speed reduction changes as a fatigue indicator in the water recovery groups showed significant difference between before and after creatine supplementation [P=0.005]. There was no significant difference between before and after creatine supplementation in the out of water recovery group [P=0.155]

Conclusion: recovery, in particular, in water [IN] type, following short-term creatine supplementation modulates systemic inflammation and improves physical performance after high-intensity interval training

[Neuroprotective effect of aerobic training against lead induced oxidative stress in rat cerebellum]

Oxidative damage associated with the presence of Lead in the brain has been proposed as one possible molecular mechanism involved in Lead toxicity. Aerobic exercise is known to protect the brain through a cascade of molecular and cellular processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 week aerobic training on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels in rat's cerebellum exposed to Lead acetate. In this experimental study, 40 Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: sedentary base, sham [30 mg/kg of ethyloleate], Lead and exercise+Lead [20 mg/kg Lead acetate, intraperitoneally]. The exercise program consisted of progressive running training on the treadmill for 15 to 22 m/min, 25 to 64 min/day, and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. BDNF and MDA levels were measured by ELISA and TBARS methods, respectively. Chronic Lead acetate administration enhanced significantly [P<0.05] cerebellar MDA levels in rats compare to base and sham groups but had no effect on BDNF levels. Cerebellar MDA significantly was reduced and BDNF non significantly was increased in Lead acetate+ training group. Regular aerobic exercise with moderate intense may exert role neuroprotective against Lead-induced cerebellar injury by down-regulating oxidative stress and promotes brain health through increases in BDNF

[Effects of Curcumin supplementation on BDNF and oxidative/antioxidative process in rat's hippocampus which exposed to lead]

Lead threaten living creature's life as air pollutant and causes several diseases such as degenerative disease of nervous system. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Curcumin on BDNF changes and oxidative/antioxidative process in rat's hippocampus which exposed to Lead acetate. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of ten: Base, Sham[control], lead and Curcumin+Lead. lead and Curcumin+Lead groups received 20 mg/kg lead acetate and Curcumin+Lead group also received 30 mg/kg Curcumin, peritoneally for 8 weeks [3 days in weeks]. MDA [oxidative stress biomarker] and TAC [total antioxidative capacity] levels were measured by TBARS and FRAP methods, respectively, and hippocampus BDNF level was measured by ELISA method in rat hippocampus region. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Tukey at P<0.05 level. Injection of lead acetate significantly increased MDA, non-significantly decreased hippocampus BDNF and significantly decreased TAC levels in the Lead group compared with control groups. On the other hand, curcumin administration led to non significantly decreased MDA, nonsignificantly increased BDNF and significantly increased TAC levels compared with other groups [P<0.05]. This study showed that Curcumin adminstration in long term lead acetate-treated male Wistar Rats did not increased BDNF of hippocampus, but it prevent the reduction of BNDF due to lead-intoxification

Effect of the curcumin supplementation on the regional bone mineral density of femur and tibial bones in young rats exposed to lead acetate

Recent studies have shown that lead causes oxidative stress in bones by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, the effects of 8-week curcumin supplementation on the regional bone mineral density of femur and tibial bones in rats exposed to lead acetate was investigated. Fifty days aged Wistar rats were randomly assigned to baseline, sham-operate, lead acetate and curcumin + lead [curcumin] groups. Lead and/or curcumin groups received 20 mg/kg lead acetate peritoneally for 8 weeks [3 days/week]. In addition, the curcumin group received 30 mg/kg curcumin solution for 3 days-a-week for 8 weeks. The femur and tibial BMD were measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry [DEXA] methods. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and SPSS 17. MDA and lead levels were significantly lower in the curcumin group compared with lead-exposed and baseline groups. In addition, BMD and TAG levels was significantly higher in the curcumin group compared with lead-treated and baseline groups. These results show that environmental exposure to lead may be a risk factor for skeletal diseases. Furthermore, the curcumin supplementation possibly has inhibitory effects on lead-induced loss of femur and tibial BMD