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INSPILIP ; 2(2): 1-18, jul.-dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-986361

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la adolescencia se considera un serio problema de salud pública. Las dificultades en la comunicación y la dinámica familiar son factores de riesgo para problemas psicosociales diversos y entre ellos el consumo de sustancias en los contextos escolares y familiares. Se caracterizaron las relaciones de comunicación entre padres y adolescentes con problemas de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas de la Unidad Educativa Tránsito Amaguaña de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Se aplicó la "Escala de comunicación entre el adolescente y sus padres" (PACS) para examinar el contenido de la comunicación. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a padres y adolescentes para valorar la percepción de las relaciones comunicacionales. Se estudiaron 15 adolescentes y sus familiares representantes. De los adolescentes, 12 pertenecían al sexo masculino y de los familiares, 13 resultaron ser las madres. Ambos grupos consideran que poseen una omunicación irregular, deficiente y carente de sinceridad, percibiéndose en los adolescentes un porcentaje mayor en cuanto a la franqueza con sus padres. Las madres argumentan no poder prestar la suficiente atención a sus hijos con problemas de consumo por el hecho de ser madre sola y a cargo de cinco hijos promedio. Los familiares argumentan no contar con habilidades para entender el problema del consumo de sus hijos. Los adolescentes perciben tener demasiada responsabilidad, labores del colegio, cuidado de sus hermanos, entre otros. Se necesita atender el reclamo familiar de capacitación y ayuda en estrategias de comunicación para abordar mejor las relaciones de comunicación con los adolescentes consumidores.


The consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescence is considered a serious public health problem. Difficulties in communication and family dynamics are risk factors for various psychosocial problems, including the use of substances in school and family contexts. The communication relationships between parents and adolescents with problems of psychoactive substance consumption of the Educational Unit Transito Amaguaña of the city of Guayaquil were characterized. The "Scale of communication between the adolescent and his parents" (PACS) was applied to examine the content of the communication. A semi-structured interview was conducted with parents and adolescents to assess the perception of communicational relationships. We studied 15 adolescents and their family representative. Of the adolescents 12 belonged to the masculine sex and of the relatives 13 turned out to be the mothers. Both groups consider that they have an irregular communication, deficient and lacking sincerity, perceiving in adolescents a greater percentage in terms of openness with their parents. Mothers argue that they can not pay enough attention to their children with problems of consumption due to the fact of being a single mother and in charge of five average children. Family members argue that they do not have the skills to understand the problem of their children's consumption. Adolescents perceive having too much responsibility, school work, caring for their siblings, among others. It is necessary to address the family claim for training and help in communication strategies to better address communication relationships with adolescent consumers


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Parent-Child Relations , Substance-Related Disorders , Underage Drinking , Social Responsibility , Risk , Education, Primary and Secondary
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