ABSTRACT
Resumen Se muestran los resultados del diseño y validación de un Modelo de Gestión de Capital Intelectual (CI) para la calidad de IES, Colombia 2014-2016. Investigación aplicada, de carácter mixta. El abordaje cualitativo fue a partir de la confrontación de la teoría con las condiciones específicas del objeto abordado (sus características y necesidades) lo que permitió el diseño del modelo. El abordaje de los datos cuantitativos fue estadístico. Se diseñaron siete encuestas las cuales fueron validadas por expertos. Fue denominado Modelo Sistémico-Dinámico de Gestión del Capital Intelectual para la Calidad de Instituciones de Educación Superior (SIDIGCIES), su diseño estuvo fundamentado en tres teorías: la Teoría de las Organizaciones Inteligentes de Senge, la Teoría de las Capacidades Dinámicas en el Mundo Empresarial de Teece, Pisano y Shuen, y la Teoría de Creación del Conocimiento de Nonaka y Takeuchi. También se tuvieron en cuenta los lineamientos del Consejo Nacional de Acreditación (CNA) de Colombia tanto para programas como instituciones. Está estructurado por cuatro Subsistemas - Dinámicos: Talento Humano, Investigación e Innovación, Académico Administrativo y Reconocimiento Social. La validación del modelo en un programa de Medicina mostró la pertinencia de SIDIGCIES, con las exigencias establecidas a nivel nacional e internacional para la acreditación de programas y de instituciones. Se logró el diseño de 92 indicadores para la medición distribuidos en cada uno de los subsistemas y de siete instrumentos para cada uno de los actores del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje debidamente validados, contando de esta manera con herramientas fiables de medición de la gestión del capital intelectual.
Abstract The results of the design and validation of an Intellectual Capital (CI) management model for the quality of IES, Colombia 2014-2016 are shown. Applied research, mixed-nature. The qualitative approach was from the confrontation of the theory with the specific conditions of the object addressed (its characteristics and needs) which allowed the design of the model. The quantitative data approach was statistical. The population corresponds to the educational actors (teachers, students, administrative and management) of the medicine program, a total of 2139. The sampling was stratified and to determine the size of each of the stratum, took into account the population variances of the same and opted to use the criterion of Neyman's Affixation. For data analysis, they were presented in frequency distribution tables, with range and confidence interval measurements at 95 % (CI-95 %). Also, to observe the relationship between the variables (aspects) and the actors, a simple correspondence analysis was performed. All information was processed in the R-CRAN program. Seven surveys were designed which were validated by experts in higher education, who qualified coherence with the objectives of the study, the shape of the instrument and the clarity of the questions. The analysis of theories on intellectual capital allowed the design of the systemic-dynamic model of management of intellectual capital for the quality of institutions of higher education-SIDIGCIES, is based on three theories: Theory of dynamic capacities in the business world, of Teece, Pisano and Shuen; And, Theory of knowledge creation of Nonaka and Takeuchi. The guidelines of the National Accreditation Council (CNA) of Colombia were also taken into account for both programs and institutions. It is structured by four dynamic subsystems: human talent, research and innovation, academic administration and Social recognition. Its name is due to the way the management of intellectual capital in the IES must work, which requires an interconnected system, whose relationship is developed in a dynamic and non-static way when it is constantly moving, constantly improving and Adjustments, in constant internal interaction in each one of its elements and with the external medium. It is precisely the continuous interaction between the members of the Organization and other external agents in a careful way, which leads to the creation of new knowledge. Around the dynamic subsystems the elements that make possible the promotion and distribution of knowledge are undulating, they are: tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, organizational knowledge and inter-organizational knowledge. In turn, the dynamic subsystems are influenced by four elements that directly affect their integral behavior and the achievement of the objectives of the IES. Without them, is not possible effective management of intellectual Capital; these are: Financial condition, national and international context, ethical-Legal aspects and physical infrastructure and material resources. The validation of the model in a medical program showed the relevance of SIDIGCIES, with the national and international requirements established for the accreditation of programs and institutions. We achieved the design of 92 indicators for measurement, distributed in each of the subsystems with this is possible a comprehensive analysis of their reality and not fractionally. Seven instruments were also designed for the actors of the teaching-learning process duly validated, counting in this way with reliable tools of measurement of the management of the CI SIDIGCIES, that allows the systematic and interdisciplinary study, oriented to identify the intellectual resources to share, employ, keep and protect them at the individual, organizational, social and global levels. It is a tool that will orient the proper management of the CI, will motivate the recognition of the value of the human talent for the production of the intangibles that there are produced, towards the recognition of the quality by the society and the State.