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Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 47(3): 178-189, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-556247

ABSTRACT

Background: Stress and psychosocial adversity are main factors involved at the onset and development of eating disorders (ED). Objective: To compare qualitative and quantitatively the exposure to vital stressing events, psychological and behavioral characteristics among women with and without eating disorders. To correlate stress, eating disordered symptoms and socio demographic variables in both groups. Method: Self-evaluation Scale of Stress (SRRS), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), were applied to 50 eating disordered patients and to 50 university students without these pathologies. Results: Patients exhibited higher levels of stress accumulated during the year before the diagnosis, where family conflicts and habit changes stood out among the stressors. The SRRS (p = < 0,05), EDI (p = < 0,05), EAT- 40(p = < 0,05), and BSQ (p = < 0,05) showed statistically meaningful differences between patients and controls. In patients stress was positively correlated mainly to perfectionism (r = 0.255) and BSQ (r= 0.112); in controls, EDI (r = 0.282), BMI (r= 0.282), ineffectiveness (r = 0.26), EAT-40 (r=0.188), maturity fears (r = 0.139), interoceptive awareness (r = 0.14) and body dissatisfaction (r = 0.116). Perfectionism, drive for thinness, bulimia, maturity fears, ideal weight and BMI increase the risk to develop stress (OR= > 1). It was confirmed the predictive capacity of EAT-40 for ED (p = 0,046). The BSQ ranged the highest scores within bulimics (148.72 (+/- 32.75); p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of vital stress events in eating disordered patients, especially within family dynamics, in the context of primary care, and they provide guidance for future researches.


Antecedentes: Entre los factores desencadenantes y perpetuantes de los trastornos alimentarios (TCA) se encuentran el estrés y la adversidad psicosocial. Objetivo: Comparar la exposición a situaciones vitales estresantes, características psicológicas y conductuales en mujeres con y sin TCA y correlacionar estrés y sintomatología alimentaria con las distintas variables. Método: La Escala de Autoevaluación del Estrés (SRRS), el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40), el Inventario de Desórdenes Alimentarios (EDI) y el Cuestionario de la Silueta Corporal (BSQ) fueron aplicados a 50 pacientes alimentarias y a 50 universitarias sin estas patologías. Resultados: Las pacientes presentaron mayores niveles de estrés acumulado durante el año previo al diagnóstico, principalmente conflictos familiares y cambios de hábitos. La SRRS (p = < 0,05), EDI (p = < 0,05), EAT- 40 (p = < 0,05), y BSQ (p = < 0,05), presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes y controles. El estrés en pacientes se relacionó positivamente con perfeccionismo (r = 0,255) y BSQ (r = 0,112); en las estudiantes con EDI (r = 0,282), IMC (r = 0,282), sensación de inutilidad (r = 0,26), EAT-40 (r = 0,188), temor a madurar (r = 0,139), consciencia interoceptiva (r = 0,14) e insatisfacción corporal (r = 0,116). El perfeccionismo, motivación por la delgadez, síntomas bulímicos, temor a la madurez, peso ideal e IMC incrementan el riesgo de desarrollar estrés (OR = > 1). Se confirmó la capacidad predictiva del EAT-40 para TCA (p = 0,046). El BSQ presentó los mayores puntajes en pacientes bulímicas (148,72 (+/- 32,75); p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Se enfatiza la importancia de eventos vitales estresantes en los TCA, especialmente la dinámica familiar para la focalización de medidas preventivas primarias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Body Image , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Chile , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding Behavior , Interpersonal Relations , Interviews as Topic , Personal Satisfaction , Psychometrics , Risk Factors , Self Concept
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