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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 38(3): 49-65, jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356327

ABSTRACT

Resumen La empatía es conceptualizada como la conciencia de las emociones y cogniciones de los demás y resulta importante en el contexto escolar para el favorecimiento de la convivencia y prevención de conductas agresivas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía básica (BES) en niños peruanos. Por ende, participaron 838 niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años de edad (M = 9.95; DE = 1.13) de seis instituciones educativas, algunos colegios fueron utilizados para el análisis exploratorio y otros para confirmar. Se administró la BES que fue adaptada para niños (BES-I). Respecto al análisis de datos, se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), además del análisis de invarianza factorial, para finalmente examinar la fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente omega (ω). Los resultados del AFE sugieren una medida bidimensional oblicua (cognitivo y afectivo). Del mismo modo, el AFC reafirmó estos resultados por presentar buenas bondades de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04); estos hallazgos son coherentes con los postulados teóricos que sugieren que la empatía es un constructo compuesto por factores específicos y no por un solo factor. La invarianza factorial de acuerdo con el sexo demostró que la BES-I mide lo mismo en niños y niñas y la fiabilidad obtenida mediante el coeficiente ω fue superior a .65, lo cual indica que es aceptable. Se concluye que la BES-I es un instrumento breve que puede resultar valioso en la comprensión de la empatía infantil en futuras investigaciones.


Abstract Childhood is a period where prevention and promotion actions can be carried out; therefore, the study of positive variables such as mindfulness, well-being, resilience and empathy has increased for some years. In this sense, empathy is conceptualized as the awareness of the emotions and cognitions of others in socio-emotional theoretical models; additionally, its study is important in the school context for the promotion of coexistence and prevention of aggressive behavior. Likewise, women are known to present higher empathy prevalence than men. Within the perspectives of this construct related to the cognitive and affective states, it became the most relevant in various studies and measurement instruments; despite this, there is a lack of brief instruments to measure empathy in the Latin American context. In this sense, this study aims to examine the evidence of validity, reliability and factor invariance of a short Basic Empathy Scale (BES) in Peruvian children. For these purposes, 838 children between 8-12 years old (M = 9.95; SD = 1.13) from six schools participated, some of them were used for exploratory analysis and others for confirmation. Likewise, eleven professionals from the clinical field and with experience in children's issues participated and applied the two criteria-based BES: relevance and representativeness. Prior to this, ten children were interviewed to verify the clarity of the items. After this procedure, trained research assistants created a version of the BES for children (BES-I) for children in their respective classrooms; who also requested parental authorization by signing an informed consent. The data was analyzed by R statistical software of free access using packages such as 'psych', 'lavaan', 'MBESS', 'semTools'; two factor analyses were performed; one, exploratory (AFE) and two, confirmatory (AFC), in a third moment a multigroup analysis was performed to evaluate to what extent the factor structure is invariant in the subgroups of males and females; finally, reliability was calculated using the omega coefficient (ω). The results show that the items have the representativeness and relevance in their content according to eleven experts in clinical psychology, whose responses were quantified by V of Aiken reaching values higher than .70. The internal structure in the AFE indicated the presence of two related factors (cognitive and affective) that explain 35 % of the model variance. Similarly, the AFC verified these results by showing optimal goodness of fit (IFC ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04) in the two-factor model; these empirical findings are consistent with theoretical assumptions suggesting that empathy is a construct comprising specific factors rather than a single factor. As for the multi-group analysis according to sex, the invariance of the BES-I was evidenced, when observing that the differences between the base or configuration model and those with restricted thresholds, loads, variance and covariance are minimally recommended; in that way, the BES-I is established to measure the same in boys and girls; finally, regarding the reliability in the two-factor model, the coefficient ω is observed to exceed .65 for both the cognitive factor (ω = .66) and the affective factor (ω = .66). It is concluded that the BES-I is a brief instrument to be interpreted in a two-dimensional oblique way, taking as reference the theoretical cognitive-affective perspective; thus, the validity evidence of the BES-I is valuable for the understanding of child empathy in future Latin American researches.

2.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 24(1): 61-63, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704403

ABSTRACT

El adenocarcinoma gástrico, representa entre 90% y 95% de todas las neoplasias malignas gástricas, siendo de los más comunes del mundo y más frecuente en Japón, en nuestro país el cáncer gástrico es la primera causa de mortalidad por tumores malignos de las vías digestivas con 37%, seguido de los tumores hepatobiliares y colon. Su incidencia ha aumentado en pacientes menores de 40 años, la mayoría de nuestros pacientes se diagnostican en estadios avanzados. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 42 años quien ingresó con un cuadro de hemorragia digestiva superior y en shock hipovolémico, que luego de su estabilización y posterior estudio se diagnosticó un adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado precoz, quien recibió el tratamiento oncológico adecuado


The gastric carcinoma represent the 90% to 95% of all malignant gastric neoplasia, is one of the most common in the world and most frequent in Japan, in our country the gastric cancer is the first cause of mortality for malignant tumors of the digestive system with a 37% of incidence follow for hepatobillary and colon cancer. His incidence is increased in patients less than 40 years old, the majority of them were diagnostic in advance disease. We presents the case of male patient of 42 years with a digestive superior hemorrhagic episode and hipovolemic shock, after his stabilization and posterior study received a diagnostic of early adenocarcinoma moderately differentiated , and him received the adequate oncology treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Endoscopy/methods , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , Medical Oncology
3.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(4): 348-354, 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-647646

ABSTRACT

The head and neck neoplasm’s are a frequent cause of consultation in ENT (ear, nose and throat) pathologies. For practical purposes, the head and neck cancers can be classified according to their anatomical location, in sinonasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, oral, otologic and salivary glands. The objective of this work is to give a description of tumoral cervico facial pathology that was seen in the Otolaryngology service of HCUCH (Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile) in 2010, in order to understand and present the local situation and establish the most common entities. We included 120 patients with diagnosis of tumoral pathology, which yielded the following results: 20.8 percent of salivary glands, 19.2 percent of sinonasal, 17.5 percent of the larynx, 16.7 percent of Mouth tumors, 9.2 percent of the pharynx, 8.3 percent of neck, 2.5 percent of ear, and 5.8 percent of others which couldn´t be classified. In our results dominate most common etiologies of head and neck pathology, predominates such as larynx and mouth cancer, and benign tumors of the parotid gland. Some rare entities in the general population appear in higher proportions in this study, because this clinic tends to concentrate these pathologies. On the other hand, there are other low-frequency neoplasms, which didn´t appear in our cases, probably because it was taken in a limited time of 1 year.


Subject(s)
Humans , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Chile
4.
Metro cienc ; 18(1): 41-48, mar. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-555123

ABSTRACT

El Trauma cráneo encefálico (TCE) es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en niños. De aquellos hospitalizados con este diagnóstico, el ID a 15 por ciento son traumas severos y de ellos, el 33 al 50 por ciento fallecen. El manejo del TCE, debe iniciarse desde el momento mismo de la lesión. El tratamiento en emergencia estará dirigido al mantenimiento y protección de la vía aérea, la ventilación y la oxigenación, la restauración del volumen circulatorio y la tensión arterial, junto a la orientación diagnóstica clínica y por imágenes. En la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos se continuará con el monitoreo de los parámetros clínicos y neurológicos que orientarán al tratamiento específico. La prevención sigue siendo la medida más eficaz para evitar las secuelas e importantes daños personales, sociales y económicos que se derivan de este problema. Proponemos un algoritmo de manejo de TCE severo, completamente aplicable en nuestra población, con criterios unificados, basados en guías diagnósticas actualizadas y recomendaciones internacionales, con el objetivo de mejorar la supervivencia y el pronóstico neurológico de estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Child , Craniocerebral Trauma , Pediatrics , Wounds and Injuries
5.
Rev. Estomat ; 1(2): 18-19, dic. 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-569941

ABSTRACT

El uso de materiales odontológicos requiere unas indicaciones y normas que en la actualidad la odontología ha delegado en el personal auxiliar de consultorio, en él se ha depositado toda la confianza y responsabilidad. De los diferentes materiales, sólo se tomarán algunos que puedan llamar de mayor uso en la consulta odontológica. Se puede decir que la manipulación correcta de la mayoría de los materiales es cada día más simple, los fabricantes así lo pretenden, y se provee al consumidor de métodos más fáciles de utilización que permiten ahorrar tiempo y dinero. Pero la mayoría se aferra a lo tradicional y olvida la comodidad y calidad del servicio prestado.


Subject(s)
Dental Amalgam , Dental Cementum , Dental Materials
6.
Rev. invest. clín ; 36(2): 147-9, 1984.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-25727

ABSTRACT

Paciente femenino de 68 anos de edad con diagnostico clinico de prolactinoma. Los signos y sintomas clinicos presentados por la paciente incluian amenorrea secundaria desde los 28 anos de edad, cefalea supraorbitaria, hemianopsia bitemporal e hipotiroidismo. Se dio tratamietno sustitutivo con hormonas tiroideas y bromocriptina logrando una mejoria clinica evidente de la sintomatologia. El proposito de este trabajo es reportar el comportamiento psicopatologico desarrollado por la paciente despues de 3 meses de tratamiento con bromocriptina


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Female , Bromocriptine , Pituitary Neoplasms , Prolactin , Psychotic Disorders
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