ABSTRACT
Background: There are several diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome (MS) defnition. Aim: To study their application in the Chilean general adult population. Material and Methods: We analyzed data from a random sub sample of 1.833 adults aged 17 years and older surveyed during the First Chilean National Health Survey conducted in 2003. The prevalence of MS was estimated using the update Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF 2005) criteria. The distribution of MS was analyzed according to age, gender, educational level, geographic area, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Results: The overall prevalence of MS was 31.6 percent (95 percent CI 28.5-34.9) and 36.8 percent (95 percent CI 33.5-40.3), according to update ATPIII-NCEP and IDF criteria respectively. Both criteria had a 90 percent concordance. Demographic and socioeconomic distribution was similar for both criteria. The prevalence of high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, and low HDL cholesterol (MS components) were: 46, 22 and 53 percent respectively. The prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 30 and 59 percent according to update ATPIII-NCEP and IDF criteria, respectively. Using update ATPIII-NCEP criteria, the gender, age and educational level adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having MS was 9.59 (95 percent IC 6.8- 13.6) for obese subjects compared with normal weight subjects and 2.14 (95 percent IC 1.3-3.7) for sedentary subjects compared with non sedentary. Conclusions: There was a 90 percent agreement between update ATPIII-NCEP and IDF criteria for the diagnosis of MS. The overall prevalence of MS in this population was 32 percent usuing update ATPIII-NCEP criteria, with higher prevalence among obese and sedentary subjects.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Sedentary Behavior , Chile/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Obesity/diagnosis , Prevalence , Reference Values , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
El Síndrome Metabólico (SM), conocido también como Síndrome X o Síndrome de Insulino Resistencia (IR), se define por la presencia, en un individuo, de un conjunto de factores asociados e interrelacionados entre si que inducen un mayor riesgo de diabetes mellitus (DM) y enfermedad cardiovascular (EC), y cuyo nexo común es posiblemente la resistencia a la insulina (RI) y/ o el hiperinsulinismo. Se ha considerado que el SM obedece a causas genéticas y ambientales, destacando en estas últimas, una dieta desequilibrada, condicionante de muchos de los atributos del SM. Por otro lado, se ha sugerido que los hábitos alimentarios de los países Mediterráneos son los principales determinantes de la baja prevalencia de morbi-mortalidad cardiovascular y general, e incremento de la expectativa de vida de estas poblaciones. Con el objetivo de reforzar las estrategias de prevención cardiovascular en el SM, se ha postulado que pudieran beneficiarse adicionalmente al adoptar una dieta tipo mediterránea. Para ello se requiere realizar simples modificaciones en su estilo de vida, que se traducirán en un incremento substancial de la expectativa de vida. En esta revisión se resume la evidencia científica con respecto al posible efecto de la dieta mediterránea en el desarrollo y control del SM.
The Metabolic Syndrome (MS), also known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, is defined by the simultaneous presence, in an individual, of several risk factors which induce a higher risk of contracting diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Their common link is, probably, insulin resistance (IR) and/or hyperinsulinism. It is considered that the MS is caused by genetic and environmental factors including an imbalanced diet. A food consumption pattern typical of the Mediterranean countries has been proposed as the reason for the low cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and the longer life expectancy in those countries. The present review discusses the characteristics of the Mediterranean diet and its health benefits related to the MS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diet, Mediterranean , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Life Style , PrevalenceABSTRACT
La fibra dietética está constituida por un grupo heterogéneo de sustancias de origen vegetal que son resistentes a la digestión y absorción en el intestino delgado, pero que sufren una digestión parcial o total en el colon. La fibra insoluble ayuda a mantener un tránsito intestinal normal y la soluble tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre la microflora del colon donde es fermentada generando ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC). Los AGCC son substratos preferenciales para las células intestinales. A pesar del conocimiento sobre los efectos beneficiosos de la fibra, las fórmulas de nutrición enteral (NE) que rutinariamente se indican, no la contienen. Recientemente, se ha incorporado fibra soluble (fructo-oligosacáridos -FOS-) en algunas de estas fórmulas, siendo ellas de utilidad para el manejo de diarreas en pacientes que reciben NE. Además, estas fórmulas parecen ser útiles en el tratamiento de pacientes con enfermedades intestinales inflamatorias y en el síndrome de intestino corto.