ABSTRACT
Water retention on the leaf surface can be maladaptive to the plant because it increases the colonization of epiphylls and interferes with the physiologic processes of the leaf, diminishing the photosynthetic capacity. To test if leaf driptips facilitate leaf drying after rainfall in a tropical rain forest of Costa Rica, we (1) experimentally measured the capacity to retain water on leaf surfaces of 30 plant species before and after driptip removal, and (2) analyzed the development of driptips along forest strata. We expected leaf driptips to be less developed in the upper strata due to the environmental conditions of the canopy (i.e., high solar radiation, strong winds and low relative humidity), which favor the natural drying of leaves. The presence of driptips increased 100 the water run off capacity of leaves in all the analyzed species. Also, the development of leaf driptips was smaller in canopy species than in understory species. Additionally, they became less developed in canopy species as trees increased in height. These results support the hypothesis that the adaptive role of driptips is to facilitate the drying of leaf surfaces.
Subject(s)
Plant Leaves , Water , Costa Rica , Plant Leaves , Rain , TreesSubject(s)
Humans , Blood Transfusion , Health Facilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Liability, Legal , Blood , Blood Donors/legislation & jurisprudence , Costa Rica , Governing Board/legislation & jurisprudence , Hepatitis B/transmission , Religion and Medicine , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmissionABSTRACT
Contiene:Serologia de la hepatitis viral,metotos de diagnostico laboratorial en las hepatitis virales, nuevos metodos de diagnostico para el virus de la hepatitis B y C, estado actual de la hepatitis A, mutantes del virus B de la hepatitis y sus implicociones clinicas, infeccion por virus C, hepatitis E, manual de diagnostico y tratamiento de las hepatotias virales
Subject(s)
Inclusion Bodies, Viral , Gammainfluenzavirus , Retroviridae , Retroviruses, Simian , Thogotovirus , Animals, Laboratory , Viral ProteinsABSTRACT
Se analiza la eventual violación del secreto profesional médico cuando se entrega a una autoridad judicial; certificación, fotocopia o similares de documentos médicos que permanezcan en custodia de instituciones de salud. En el fuero penal, el médico ni ningún funcionario hospitalario pueden negarse a certificar lo que pida el juez, so pena de incurrir en desobediencia a la autoridad (artículo 305 del Código Penal). En los demás fueros, no se puede negar la información cuando la pida el paciente o sus representantes legales. En cambio, no debe accederse cuando la solicitud sea hecha por la parte contraria. En caso de información médica que expresamente se levantó con fines periciales, es más bien un deber profesional en funciones médico-legales elevar dicho informe al juez. Palabras claves: Secreto médico, documentos hospitalarios, divulgación de secretos.