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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(3): 769-779, July-Sept. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727001

ABSTRACT

Previous studies analyzing 2,200 plant extracts indicated anti-enterococcal activity in 25 extracts obtained from Brazilian forests' plants. In the present study, these extracts were subjected to microdilution broth assay (MDBA) and disk diffusion assay (DDA) using planktonic Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 29212TM and were submitted to phytochemical analysis in TLC and HPLC. Three extracts obtained from Ipomoea alba (MIC < 40 µg/mL), Diclinanona calycina (MIC < 40 µg/mL) and Moronobea coccinea (40 < MIC < 80 µg/mL; MBC = 80 µg/mL) showed significant bactericidal activity in the MDBA and four extracts obtained from I. alba (14.04 ± 0.55 mm diameter) S. globulifera (14.43 ± 0.33 mm and 12.18 ± 0.28 mm diameter) and Connarus ruber var. ruber (13.13 ± 0.18 mm diameter) were active in DDA. Residues H2O obtained from Psidium densicomum (mean of 16.78 mm diameter) and from Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (mean of 15.97 mm diameter) have shown an improved antibacterial activity after fractionation if compared to that obtained from the respective crude extracts. Antioxidant activity was observed in some residues of the active extracts. TLC analysis showed that phenolic compounds are likely to be found in active extracts. Three molecules were isolated from S. globulifera and were identified by 13C NMR lupeol, α-amyrin and 3β-hydroxyglutin-5-ene. The present chemical and biological findings suggest that these extracts are a potential source of new anti-Enterococcus compounds to be introduced in endodontic therapy.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Brazil , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
2.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 23(6): 903-912, Nov-Dec/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704262

ABSTRACT

The organic extract EB689, obtained from the stem of Abarema auriculata (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes, Fabaceae, commonly known as "saboeiro-ferro", was chemically studied, as well as its influence over behavioral effects such as locomotion, emotionality and anxiety, after intra-peritonial administration were assessed. The open-field and elevated-plus maze were used in experiments divided into two stages. The first stage aimed for the identification of the main effects over behavior using a reduced number of animals against half-fold diluted doses of EB689. The same variables were also tested in a second stage of the experiment using the non-lethal intra-peritoneal dose of 4.8 mg/kg in a larger number of animals. It was observed that EB689 clearly decreased locomotion, which was probably caused by internal hemorrhage causing hypovolemic shock. Although it is the first time lupeol and eucryphin are described in A. auriculata, it is still not clear if they are involved in the toxicology of A. auriculata. The undesirable effects of EB689 are better understood, the basis for further pharmacological assays aiming antitumor activity are supported.

3.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 45(4): 715-721, Oct.-Dec. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-543682

ABSTRACT

Dermatological disorders related to pigmentation result in tenuous hyper or hypopigmentation Cosmetic and pharmaceutical products containing depigmenting substances are used in the treatment of patients who have high pigmentation disorders, such as melasma or chloasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, senile lentigo and ephelides. Skin lightening agents are not yet totally effective or safe and therefore intensive research for the discovery of new agents is continuous. Enzyme inhibitors involved in melanogenesis, such as tyrosinase, have been discovered in Asian countries, including those isolated from plant extracts. The Brazilian flora has the highest species diversity in the world, and the chemical, pharmacological and cosmetic potential for the discovery of new skin whitening agents is in proportion with this biodiversity. For these reasons, 25 aqueous and 24 organic extracts obtained from 19 plants native to the Amazon rain forest and to the Atlantic forest, belonging to 11 different families, were evaluated as tyrosinase inhibitors. Nine out of 49 extracts showed inhibitory activity in the screening process. The 50 percent inhibitory activity (IA50) was calculated, revealing that the most active extracts were the organic extracts from the leaves and stem of Ruprechtia sp. (IA50 33.76 mg.mL-1) and the organic extract from the aerial organs of Rapanea parviflora (IA50 64.19 mg.mL-1).


Problemas dermatológicos relacionados com a pigmentação resultam em hiperpigmentações ou hipopigmentação cutâneas. Produtos cosméticos e farmacêuticos com atividade despigmentante são utilizados para o tratamento de pacientes que apresentam distúrbios de hiperpigmentação, tais como melasma ou cloasma, hiperpigmentação pós-inflamatória, lentigem senil e efélides. Os despigmentantes atualmente utilizados não são totalmente eficazes ou seguros, razão pela qual há intensa pesquisa, principalmente em países asiáticos, com a finalidade de se obter novos agentes com esta ação, em especial inibidores de enzimas envolvidas na melanogênese, como a tirosinase. Considerando-se que algumas substâncias obtidas de plantas apresentam essa atividade, a flora brasileira constitui-se uma fonte potencial de obtenção de novos despigmentantes. Por essa razão, 25 extratos aquosos e 24 orgânicos obtidos de 19 plantas da Floresta Amazônica e Mata Atlântica, provenientes de 11 diferentes famílias, foram avaliados quanto à atividade de inibição da tirosinase. Do total de 49 extratos testados, 9 mostraram atividade. Os valores de concentração da atividade inibitória 50 por cento (AI 50 por cento), foram calculados e o mais ativo foi o extrato orgânico das folhas e caule de Ruprechtia sp. (AI50 33,76 mg.mL-1) seguido do extrato orgânico dos órgãos aéreos de Rapanea parviflora (AI50 64,19 mg.mL-1).


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/analysis , In Vitro Techniques , Monophenol Monooxygenase/pharmacokinetics , Monophenol Monooxygenase/pharmacology , Monophenol Monooxygenase/therapeutic use , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Melanins , Skin Pigmentation
4.
Rev. bras. mastologia ; 19(2): 63-68, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559985

ABSTRACT

São apresentados e discutidos, em confronto com dados encontrados na literatura, os resultados de nove casos de câncer de mama localmente avançado e que receberam quimioterapia neoadjuvante com o esquema de quimioterapia TAC (docetaxel, doxorrubicina e ciclofosfamida).


The authors showed the results of nine cases of locally advanced breast cancer treated with the chemotherapy schedule TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) and discussed the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Drug Therapy/adverse effects , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Neoplasm Staging
5.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 25(2)abr.-jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-661268

ABSTRACT

Introdução - Em trabalho prévio, 705 extratos vegetais oriundos de plantas amazônicas e da Mata Atlântica foram triados no teste antibacteriano da microdiluição em caldo. No presente trabalho, os extratos ativos foram identificados e submetidos à avaliação da concentração mínima inibitória e da concentração bactericida mínima usando o mesmo modelo experimental. Material e Métodos - Foi utilizado o ensaio da microdiluição em caldo, que consiste em se avaliar a susceptibilidade das bactérias aos extratos vegetais em meio ágar caldo, em microplacas de 96 poços. Resultados = Os extratos orgânicos obtidos de Rapanea parvifolia (MY841), Smilax rufescens (SM53) e Ruizterania retusa (VO581) mostraram atividade antibacteriana. MY841 e SM53 mostraram atividade contra Enterococcus faecalis CIM = 30 ?g/ml; CBM = 60 ?g/ml e CIM = 80 ?g/ml; CBM = 90 ?g/ml, respectivamente) e VO581 mostrou atividade contra Staphylococcusaureus (CIM = 140 ?g/ml; CBM = 160 ?g/ml) e leve atividade contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIM = 200 ?g/ml; CBM = 380 ?g/ml). Conclusões - Estes três extratos apresentaram atividade importante contra as bactérias testadas, devendo, portanto, ser fracionados e os compostos majoritários avaliados.


Introduction - Up to 705 plant extracts from Amazon Rain Forest and Atlantic Rain Forest were screened against bacteria using the microdilution broth assay. In the present work, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration were obtained from the three selected active extracts. Material and Methods - The microdilution broth assay used in the present analysis consists in evaluating small amounts of extract against the bacteria in agar broth medium in 96 well microplates. Results - Three organic extracts obtained from Rapanea parvifolia (MY841), Smilax rufescens (SM53) and Ruizterania retusa (VO581) showed antibacterial activity. MY841 and SM53 showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis MIC = 30 mg/ml; MBC = 60 mg/ml and MIC = 80 mg/ml; MBC = 90 mg/ml, respectively) and VO581 showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 140 mg/ml; MBC = 160 mg/ml) and a mild activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 200 mg/ml; MBC = 380 mg/ml). Conclusions - The three extracts showed important activity against the bacteria, and they are going to be fractionated and the fractions evaluated against the antibacterial model. The major compounds are going to be isolated as well.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Extracts , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Enterococcus faecalis , Herbal
6.
Clinics ; 62(6): 763-768, 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471797

ABSTRACT

Plants have played a significant role in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases for the last four decades. The discovery and introduction to market of paclitaxel, the vinca alkaloids, etoposide, and many antibacterial drugs support drug discovery programs based on natural products. Natural products have been rediscovered as important tools for drug development despite advances in combinatorial chemistry, due to the complex molecular structures able to interact with mammalian cell targets. The Brazilian flora, the most diverse in the world, has become an interesting spot to prospect for new chemical leads or hits due to its species diversity and associated chemical richness. Screening programs have been established in Brazil as a strategy to identify potentially active substances. High throughput screening techniques allow for the analysis of large numbers of extracts in a relatively short period of time, and can be considered one of the most efficient ways of finding new leads from natural products. An updated review of the current status of the biological screening program is presented and recent results from new antitumoral and antibacterial chemical leads are discussed.


Plantas são uma importante fonte de novos protótipos há pelo menos quatro décadas. A descoberta e introdução no mercado de paclitaxel, dos alcalóides da vinca, etoposídeo e muitos agentes antibacterianos têm servido de apoio ao desenvolvimento de programas de descobrimento de novos fármacos baseados em produtos naturais. Produtos naturais foram recentemente redescobertos como importante ferramenta na descoberta de novos fármacos devido às estruturas moleculares complexas capazes de interagir com alvos em células de mamíferos. A flora brasileira, a mais rica do mundo, tornou-se um importante sítio para prospecção de novos protótipos em decorrência da riqueza de espécies vegetais relacionada a uma possível diversidade química. Programas de triagem têm sido introduzidos no Brasil contrapondo a devastação de florestas relacionadas a atividades rurais, extrativismo madeireiro e mineral. Ensaios em larga escala permitem a análise de um grande número de amostras em um tempo relativamente pequeno, e pode ser considerado como o método mais eficaz para a descoberta de novos fármacos a partir de plantas. Dados atualizados relativos a programas de triagem que objetivam a identificação de novos protótipos antitumorais e antibacterianos são comentados.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Drug Discovery , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Technology, Pharmaceutical , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Biodiversity , Brazil , Drug Design , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Trees
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 10(6): 400-402, Dec. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-446741

ABSTRACT

Infections caused by multiresistant bacteria are a widespread problem, especially in intensive care units. New antibiotics are necessary, and we need to search for alternatives, including natural products. Brazil is one of the hottest spots in the world in terms of biodiversity, but little is known about the chemical and pharmacological properties of most of the plants found in the Amazon rain forest and the Atlantic Forest. We screened 1,220 organic and aqueous extracts, obtained from Amazon and Atlantic rain forest plants, against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli. Seventeen organic and aqueous extracts obtained from 16 plants showed activity against both Gram-positive bacteria. None of the extracts showed relevant activity against the Gram-negative E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
8.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 38(1): 89-94, jan.-mar. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-317072

ABSTRACT

Trinta e oito extratos orgânicos e aquosos obtidos de 11 espécies de Apocynaceae foram submitidos a triagem utilizando o método da microdiluiçäo em caldo contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans. O extrato orgânico obtido do caule de Tabernaemontana angulata apresentou atividade contra a bactéria Gram positiva S. aureus. A concentraçäo inibitória mínima verificada para esse extrato variou de 2,50 a 1,25 mg/mL. Cloranfenicol foi utilizado como antimicrobiano padräo. A análise fitoquímica indicou a presença de triterpenos e alcalóides no extrato ativo.


Subject(s)
Chloramphenicol , In Vitro Techniques , Microbiology , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Bacteriological Techniques , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Specimen Handling
10.
Rev. paul. med ; 105(1): 42-6, jan.-fev. 1987. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-41344

ABSTRACT

Foram analisadas 76 pacientes portadoras de carcinoma da mama disseminado que participaram de um ensaio clínico randomizado de quimioimunoterapia. Trinta e nove pacientes foram tratadas com ciclofosfamida, metotrexato e 5-fluoruracil (CMF) e 37 com ciclofosfamida, metotrexato e 5-fluoruracil associados à imunoterapia inespecífica com BCG oral (CMF + BCG). A avaliaçäo do estado imunológico das pacientes foi determinada pelo teste do DNCB, realizado antes do início e durante o tratamento. As taxas de remissäo objetiva do grupo que recebeu CMF e daquele que recebeu CMF + BCG foram 41% e 35,1%, respectivamente; a duraçäo da remissäo foi de 16,5 meses e 18,6 meses, respectivamente; o tempo de sobrevida foi de 31 meses e 38,6 meses respectivamente. Näo houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre esses resultados. Houve associaçäo estatisticamente significante entre positivaçäo do teste do DNCB durante o tratamento e resposta objetiva


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Random Allocation , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Dinitrochlorobenzene , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
11.
Acta oncol. bras ; 7(1): 13-20, jan.-abr. 1987. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-40409

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o impacto das neoplasias malignas de esôfago sobre o estado nutricional e imunológico dos pacientes e correlacionaram-se os resultados obtidos com o tratamento recebido e a evoluçäo desses pacientes. Foram estudados 38 pacientes portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de esôfago, no Depto. de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital A. C. Camargo, no período de l983-1984. Medidas antropométricas, laboratoriais e imunológicas foram realizadas. Verificou-se que há uma interaçäo entre a desnutriçäo e a imunoincompetência provocada ou agravada por ela e que se justifica a necessidade de suporte nutricional e imunológico como parte do tratamento multidisciplinar destes tumores


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Immunity, Cellular , Esophageal Neoplasms/immunology , Antibody Formation
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