Detection of all four dengue serotypes in Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes collected in a rural area in Colombia

The Aedes aegypti vector for dengue virus (DENV) has been reported in urban and periurban areas. The information about DENV circulation in mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas is limited, so we aimed to evaluate the presence of DENV in Ae. aegypti females caught in rural locations of two Colombian municipalities, Anapoima and La Mesa. Mosquitoes from 497 rural households in 44 different rural settlements were collected. Pools of about 20 Ae. aegypti females were processed for DENV serotype detection. DENV in mosquitoes was detected in 74% of the analysed settlements with a pool positivity rate of 62%. The estimated individual mosquito infection rate was 4.12% and the minimum infection rate was 33.3/1,000 mosquitoes. All four serotypes were detected; the most frequent being DENV-2 (50%) and DENV-1 (35%). Two-three serotypes were detected simultaneously in separate pools. This is the first report on the co-occurrence of natural DENV infection of mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas. The findings are important for understanding dengue transmission and planning control strategies. A potential latent virus reservoir in rural areas could spill over to urban areas during population movements. Detecting DENV in wild-caught adult mosquitoes should be included in the development of dengue epidemic forecasting models.

Costos Familiares de Mantener y Abandonar la Lactancia Exclusiva en el Primer Mes Posparto / Household costs of maintaining and/or abandoning exclusive breastfeeding during the first postpartum month

Objetivo Estimar la diferencia de costos familiares, directos e indirectos, generados entre mujeres que mantienen la lactancia exclusiva y aquellas que la abandonan, durante el primer mes posparto. Métodos Se realizó un análisis de costos en primíparas de Cali, captadas en su puerperio inmediato y seguidas durante los primeros 30 días posparto. Mediante técnicas no-paramétricas Bootstrap, se estimaron los costos y las diferencias promedio, para los 0-8, 9-30 y 0-30 días posparto, entre mujeres que abandonaron la lactancia exclusiva y aquellas que no abandonaron. Resultados Las mujeres que abandonaron la lactancia exclusiva asumieron mayores costos en alimentación del recién nacido, mientras que aquellas que la mantuvieron tuvieron mayores costos en alimentación para la madre y en contratación de apoyo doméstico. Conclusión Los ahorros que una mujer y su familia pueden tener al mantener la lactancia exclusiva son superados por los costos que se generan en alimentación para la madre. Es necesario diseñar intervenciones orientadas a incrementar la duración de la lactancia exclusiva y a modificar creencias nutricionales que contribuyen a generar consecuencias económicas sobre las familias.

Objective Estimating the difference between direct and indirect family costs arising from women who continue exclusive breastfeeding and those who abandon it during the first postpartum month. Methods A cost analysis was carried out on primiparous women from Cali, Colombia; they were recruited during their immediate puerpery and follow-up during the first 30 postpartum days. Non-parametric Bootstrap techniques were used for estimating average costs and differences for 0-8, 9-30 and 0-30 postpartum days regarding women who abandoned exclusive breastfeeding and those who did not. Results Women who abandoned exclusive breastfeeding assumed higher costs related to baby feeding while those who continued exclusive breastfeeding had higher food costs for the mother and in contracting domestic support. Conclusion The savings which a woman and her family can make due to continuing with exclusive breastfeeding become negated by the mother's food-related costs. Interventions should be designed which are orientated towards prolonging exclusive breastfeeding and modifying beliefs about nutrition which contribute towards generating economic consequences for families.