ABSTRACT
Abstract Dicksonia sellowiana Hook., Dicksoniaceae, is a tree-fern which is being recently used in medicine mainly for its phytotherapic activities. While several other studies have focused on D. sellowiana extract characterization in terms of its biological and antioxidant activity, the novelty of this work aims to understand the fate of this extract during thermal disposal through thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis, to further characterize this plant's extract. Thermal analysis revealed mass loss within three well-defined steps, with the respective mass signals represented generated during heating. Light-volatiles were released during the first step, with release of NO2, CO2, and ethanol in the following, as a result of extract pyrolytic decomposition. Furthermore, mass signals variation during heating indicated the release of harmless by products in contrast to other pharmaceutical and personal care products. Finally, chemical characterization confirmed the observed under thermal analysis suggesting a highly polar structure within extract's composition.
ABSTRACT
Baccharis trimera (carqueja) is a medicinal plant used for stomach pain, bad digestion, heart bum, kidney problems and constipation. The objective of the present work was a quality study of carqueja commercialized in Curitiba and metropolitan region (Paraná-Brazil) using gas chromatography techniques (GC/FID) for analyses of the essential oil, which was extracted through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger system. Macro and microscopic analyses were also done. Some samples were contaminated by other species of plants, fungi and small insects, some of them could be identified. Among all samples, 21 showed similar chromatographic profile to the standard oil, and 7 had different profile in relation to the standard. The chromatogram analyses showed that most of the analyzed samples had the similar profile as the standard oil of Baccharis trimera. GC/FID-based authentication of Baccharis trimera may be useful as a rapid tool to ensure quality control and safety monitoring of this kind of herbal pharmaceuticals.
Baccharis trimera (carqueja) é uma planta medicinal empregada popularmente para tratamentos de problemas dos sistemas digestório e renal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de amostras de carqueja comercializadas em Curitiba e Região Metropolitana (Paraná-Brasil), por meio de análises de cromatografia a gás (CG/DIC) do óleo essencial delas extraído por hidrodestilação usando aparelho de Clevenger. Análises macro e microscópicas foram também realizadas para as amostras, e os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência de contaminação de algumas delas por outras espécies de plantas, fungos e pequenos insetos. Das amostras analisadas, 21 apresentaram perfil cromatográfico semelhante ao encontrado para óleo essencial padrão da espécie, enquanto 7 diferenciaram-se em relação a este perfil. As análises dos cromatogramas obtidos para as amostras de óleo essencial extraídas de ervas comercializadas permitem-nos sugerir o uso de ensaios baseados em CG/DIC como uma ferramenta rápida para garantia da qualidade e monitoramento de aspectos de segurança à saúde deste tipo de erva medicinal.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae , Baccharis , Chromatography, Gas , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Estudou-se a variabilidade química sazonal em Maytenus aquifolium Mart. (Celastraceae), conhecida como "espinheira santa", em exemplares cultivados em Ribeirão Preto, SP, através da análise das substâncias presentes nas folhas, ao longo das quatro estações em dois anos. O teor de fenóis totais variou de 21,96 a 45,92 mg / g (expresso em mg ácido tânico / g folhas secas), de 55,88 a 93,20 mg triterpenos totais / g folhas secas, e de 1,349 a 3,859 mg flavonóides / g folhas secas. A amostra Primavera 92 apresentou o maior teor de flavonóides e fenóis totais, e a amostra Inverno 94 apresentou o maior teor de triterpenos.
The chemical seasonal variability of Maytenus aquifolium Mart. (Celastraceae), a Brazilian medicinal plant known as "espinheira santa", was investigated on specimens cultivated at Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil, at the four seasons of two years. The content of total phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenes varied from 21.96 to 45.92 mg total phenolics (expressed as tanic acid) / g dried leaves, 55.88 - 93.20 mg total triterpenes / g dried leaves, and 1.349 - 3.859 mg flavonoid / g dried leaves. Sample Spring 92 had the higher content of flavonoids and total phenolics, while sample Winter 94 had the highest content of triterpenes.