ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Sialendoscopy is becoming the gold standard procedure for diagnosis and treatment of Salivary Gland Inflammatory Diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the learning progression of a single surgeon to implement and perform diagnostic sialendoscopy: to estimate how many procedures were necessary to achieve better results; if it was higher rate of complications in the beginning. METHODS: Retrospective analysis involving 113 consecutive sialendoscopies performed from 2010 to 2013. According to a descriptive analysis of the factors related to surgeon's experience, the casuistic was divided into two groups: group (A) comprising the first 50 exams, and group (B) the last 63. Groups were then compared concerning demographic and peri-operative aspects. RESULTS: In Group A, failure to catheterize papilla were 22% versus 3% in B (p = 0.001). Failure to complete examination was 30% in group A versus 6% in B (p = 0.001), and necessity to repeat exams was 22% in group A versus 10% in B (p = 0.058). The complication rates were 18% in group A, and 10% in B (p = 0.149). Operative time was slightly shorter in group B (56 versus 41 min, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: We found better outcomes after the first 50 diagnostic sialendoscopies. Complication rates were statistically the same between early and late groups of experience with sialendoscopy.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A sialoendoscopia vem se tornando o procedimento de referência para o diagnóstico e o tratamento das doenças inflamatórias da glândula salivar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a progressão de aprendizado de um mesmo cirurgião para implementação e realização da sialoendoscopia diagnóstica: verificar quantos procedimentos foram necessários para a obtenção de resultados melhores e se houve ocorrência de maior taxa de complicações no início do aprendizado. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva envolvendo 113 sialoendoscopias consecutivas realizadas de 2010 a 2013. De acordo com uma análise descritiva dos fatores relacionados à experiência do cirurgião, a casuística foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo (A), compreendendo os primeiros 50 exames; e grupo (B), os últimos 63. Em seguida, os grupos foram comparados, levando em consideração os aspectos demográficos e perioperatórios. RESULTADOS: No grupo A, a não realização do cateterismo papilar foi de 22% vs. 3% em B (p = 0,001). A não realização de um exame completo foi de 30% no grupo A vs. 6% em B (p = 0,001), e a necessidade de repetir o exame foi de 22% no grupo A vs. 10% em B (p = 0,058). Os percentuais de complicações foram 18% no grupo A e 10% em B (p = 0,149). O tempo operatório foi ligeiramente menor no grupo B (56 vs. 41 minutos, p = 0,045). CONCLUSÃO: Verificamos melhores desfechos após as 50 primeiras sialoendoscopias diagnósticas. Os percentuais de complicações foram estatisticamente semelhantes entre os grupos inicial e avançado de experiência com a sialoendoscopia.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Clinical Competence , Endoscopy/methods , Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Learning Curve , Retrospective Studies , Salivary Gland Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
Hypercalcemia is found frequently in patients with cancer. Besides the etiology related to the malignancy, other causes should be considered in the differential diagnostic, as primary hyperparathyroidism, granulomatous diseases and the use of thiazide diuretics. We present a case report of a severe hypercalcemia due to a rare association and review the relevant literature. A female patient, 57 years old, sent to the Endocrinology Service of Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade do Paraná (SEMPR) in order to investigate severe hypercalcemia with frequent need of hospitalization. The patient was in chemotherapy treatment for recurrence of clear cell renal cancer. During the investigation she presented high level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid scintigraphy suggestive of hyperplasia/ adenoma of parathyroid, histopathological diagnosis was confirmed after parathyroidectomy. After surgery the patient presented undetectable levels of PTH. However, she continued with progressive increase of serum calcium, with no signs of bone metastases or change in vitamin D metabolism. The investigation showed high levels of PTH-related protein (PTHrP), leading us to the diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy. The patient presented severe hypercalcemia due to the rare association of primary hyperparathyroidism and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy due to secretion of PTHrP by tumor cells. The presence of isolated primary hyperparathyroidism, as a cause of hypercalcemia in cancer patients, has been described in approximately 5-10% of the patients. However, the association of primary hyperparathyroidism and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (which means with concomitant elevation of PTH and PTHrP) is rare, only three cases have been described in the literature. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):84-8.