ABSTRACT
Background: Overall incidenceof seizure is found to be 0.2-0.6 per 1000 population per year. A first seizure mandates individual counselling about the risk of recurrence, the pros and cons of drug treatment. Seizures are usually a manifestation of an underlying pathology which may be genetic, structural or metabolic.Objectives of current study wereto study the clinical profile of new onset seizures in adults (greater than 19 years) attending to tertiary care Centre, Mysore and to determine the etiology of new onset seizures in adults reporting to tertiary care centre, Mysore.Methods:All participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed as per proforma. Participant抯 demographic, social and medical details were recorded in proforma sheet and patients were subjected to neuroimaging studies, EEG and other necessary blood investigations. In all cases the seizure type is classified according to ILAE Classification 2017.Results:Among 100 cases evaluated for new onset, Majority of the patients were 41 to 60 years. Generalised seizures (95%) were more common than focal seizures.Among neurological etiological causes, vascular causes (34%) were most common. Most common Non-neurological cause for seizures was alcohol withdrawal (46.67%).Conclusions: If proper analysis of etiologyis made, seizures can be treated accordingly thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with it. Primary care physicians play a pivotal role in identifying patients with adult onset seizures and should encourage these patients to undergo neuroimaging so as to arrive at an appropriate etiological diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Background:Thyroid diseases are among the commonest endocrine disorders. It effects growth, embryonic development, tissue differentiation, maturation, metabolism, increases chronotropic and inotropic action of heart. The aim was to study gonadal dysfunction in womenwith thyroid disease; to study levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, estrogen and testosterone in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid.Methods:All participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed as per proforma and medical details were recorded in proforma sheet and patients were subjected to necessary blood investigations.Results:Among 80 study subjects, majority were in the age group 26-35 years (60.1%) and majority had overt hypothyroid disease (72.5%). Symptoms of hypothyroid subjects mainly were fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, oligomenorrhea. Hyperthyroid subjects had fatigue, palpitations, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea. Prolactin had positive correlation with TSH in hypothyroid subjects, their LH, FSH levels were normal and sex steroid levels were low. In contrary, majority of the hyperthyroid subjects had normal prolactin and FSH, high LH and high sex steroid levels.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that thyroid disease in women causes menstrual abnormalities due to altered gonadotropinpatterns which in turn alter ovarian hormone pattern. Hypothyroidism is associated with hyperprolactinemia leading to anovulation and abnormal menstrual cycle. Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased levels of LH, estrogen and testosterone with normal levels of PRL and FSH. Screening, identifying and correcting thyroid disease should be undertaken to prevent infertility as early as possible.