ABSTRACT
The complete reconstruction of any soft tissue defect includes even the sensory recovery which is very significant aspect pertaining to prognosis. Superficial nerves in the vicinity of the vascular axis can be considered as vascular relays and neuroskin grafts can be constructed on them. Variations in innervation to various part of the dorsum of the foot by this nerve should be kept in mind while making these grafts. Authors dissected 50 formalinized cadaveric feet and studied normal anatomy and variations in origin, course, branching pattern, communications, and any other variations in medial, intermediate and lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve. The intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve was innervating larger area of the skin around 3rd and 4th web spaces in 60% of cadaveric feet. The 2nd web space was innervated by medial dorsal cutaneous nerve in 92% of cadaveric feet. In 52% of cadaveric feet communicating branches were found between intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve and lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve. In 63% cadaveric feet communicating branches were found between medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and branch of deep peroneal nerve to 2nd web space. The mean distance between lateral malleolus and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve was 4.05cm. These all observations can provide anatomical basis at the time of preparing medial dorsal cutaneous nerve flaps and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve flaps and also can minimize morbidity at donor site.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The aim of present study is to evaluate the microscopic structure of the round ligament of uterusat the uterine cornu to examine the changes in the structure in different age groups i.e.adult females inreproductive age group, pregnancy & menopause.Materials and Methods: Twenty two round ligaments of uterus (25-70 yrs) were taken for the study of themicroscopic structure at the uterine cornu. The specimens were collected from adult females of reproductive agegroup, pregnant females and menopausal females. Microscopic structure was studied under light microscopeusing haematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson’s stain was used to differentiate muscle from fibrous tissue.Results: The round ligament showed changes at the two ends of age spectrum chosen for the study (25-70 yrs). Inadult females of reproductive age group (25-40 yr old) it was predominantly muscular and the smooth muscleof the ligament was found to be continuous with that of the myometrium. In pregnant females markedhypertrophied smooth muscle bundles with increased collagen bundles and vascularity were seen. In menopausalage group, tendency towards fibrosis was seen and blood vessels were reduced in number.Conclusion: Variations seen in the ligament in different age groups and continuation of the smooth muscle ofthe round ligament with the myometrium at the uterine cornu may explain the role played by it in keeping theuterus in anteverted position. Role of the ligament would become clearer through a further study of microscopicstructure of a larger sample size including different age groups.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Variations in branching of vessels have always been an area of keen interest in the field of anatomy.Variations of arteries are known and mentioned in literature too although studies on pattern of drainage of veinsare lacking. With this interest the following study was done with its importance in abdominal organ mobilizationresections surgeries.Materials and Methods: Present study was conducted with 24 formalin embalmed cadavers (20 Males and 4Females) procured from department of anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth PimpriPune, India.Results: Inferior mesenteric vein drains venous blood from superior part of rectum, sigmoid colon and descendingcolon and generally terminate into splenic vein. However it may drain into superior mesenteric vein, at thejunction of superior mesenteric and splenic vein or portal vein.Conclusions: Knowledge of such variations of draining pattern of inferior mesenteric vein is an importantprerequisite for surgeons to choose an adequate technique to avoid injury during colorectal surgeries especiallyat the time of inferior mesenteric vein ligation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hip joint represents an unique functional unit and has complex biomechanical construction. In today’s era where total hip replacement surgeries have made their way it has become imperative for the anatomists to know the variations in acetabular dimensions. Reconstruction of acetabulum in patients with significant acetabular bone deficiency remains a challenge. Hence the present study was carried out with the aim to study the morphometric measurement of volume of acetabulum in both the sexes. Materials and Methods: Material of the study consisted of 110 human hip bones (60 males and 50 females). Volume of Acetabulum (VA) was measured on these hip bones on both the sides. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 11 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: The mean volume of acetabulum in male was 23.13 ml and female was 17.88 ml. The mean volume of acetabulum on right side was 20.55 ml and left side was 20.91 ml. Volume of the acetabulum was greater in males as compared to females and the differences were statistically significant. Volume was greater on the left side as compared to the right side but the difference was statistically non significant. Discussion: Analysing the differences on human acetabulum is helpful in understanding not only morphological but also medicolegal aspects. Conclusion: Volume of the acetabulum was greater in males as compared to females.
ABSTRACT
The atlas (first cervical vertebra) has undergone many structural modifications. It is critically located and close to the ‘life centres’. For this study, one hundred dried intact human atlas vertebrae from the Indian population were measured using a digital Vernier calliper that provides accurate resolution up to 0.01 mm. The distance between the tips of the transverse process, the outer and the inner distance between the foramen transversaria and various diameters of vertebral foramen were measured. The mean width of the measured atlases was 69.37 mm. The mean distance between the lateral margins of foramen transversaria was 55.66 mm and the inner distance was 45.93 mm. The mean thickness of vertebral artery grooves was 3.72 + 1.06 mm. The observations made in the present study may help in improving understanding of various bony dimensions while operating close to important structures like nerve roots and the vertebral artery.