ABSTRACT
Objective:Aim of this study is to assess the drug utilization pattern of cardiovascular drugs in cardiology outpatient department (OPD). Methodology:This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at three selected tertiary care hospitals from different regions in South India. A total of 1026 prescriptions of the patients attending cardiology OPD of these selected hospitals 342 each over a period of 12 months was randomly identified and included in this study then critically analysed for WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators. Results:Medicines prescribed from NLEM were 89.27%, average drugs prescribed was 5, medicinesprescribed by its generic name were 2.33% and encounters with an injection prescribed were 14.52%. Commonly prescribed different class of drugs for CVDs patients were Anti-platelets (67.73%) followed by Statins (62.57%), Beta blockers (49.51%), ACE-inhibitors (40.93%), Angiotensin receptor blockers (30.40%), Calcium channel blockers (30.11%), Nitrates (25.34%), Diuretics (20.56%), Anticoagulants (20.27%), Vasodilators (9.94%) rest of the cardiovascular drugs were prescribed within 0.5-5% only, other class of drugs also prescribed for patients with different comorbidities are Anti-ulcers (69.10%), Opioid analgesics (4.09%), Antacids (3.80%), Anti-emetics and Pro-kinetics (1.85%), a pattern of poly-pharmacy was clearly evident, majority of drugs were prescribed as single drug (86.78%) whereas 13.21% as FDCs. The most commonly prescribed single drug was Aspirin (59.93%) and FDCs were Aspirin + Clopidogrel (40.24%). Anti-thrombotic agents’ particularly antiplatelet drugs expected to overtake anti-cholesterol drugs as the sales leader in the market. Maximum drugs were prescribed from the recent NLEM of India by most of practitioners its shows its acceptance and implementation by the prescribers.Conclusion: Deprescribing PPIs for the non-required patients is suggested to lower the risk of adverse drug interactions and economic burden to patients, also pharmacists needs to encourage the prescriptions with drugs in generic name if it’s deviated from the standards recommended by WHO/INRUD
ABSTRACT
Comparative data on safety and efficacy of new generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) are still lacking, theobjective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of commonly used DESs in patients with coronaryartery disease (CAD). Individual data of 146 consecutive patients (119 male and 27 female) stented with differentDESs such as Sirolimus (SESs), Everolimus (EESs), or Zotarolimus (ZESs) eluting stents were randomly collectedfrom various hospitals in South India. Pooled data were retro-prospectively analyzed, the primary end-point ofthis study was determination of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and individual events, which is acomposite of cardiac death, target vessel related myocardial infarction (TV-MI), target lesion revascularization(TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stent thrombosis (ST), and in-stent restenosis (ISR) at the end ofclinical follow-up which was scheduled at 3 months once up to 1 year after angioplasty. Baseline clinical andcardiac characteristics, angiographic and stent procedural characteristics, efficacy and suspected adverse reactionswere compared. Our study results indicate that SESs (a first-generation DES) were found to be non-inferior toEESs and ZESs in reducing risks and remains safe and effective at the end of 1-year clinical follow-up period inCAD patients after angioplasty.
ABSTRACT
Comparative data on safety and efficacy of new generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) are still lacking, theobjective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of commonly used DESs in patients with coronaryartery disease (CAD). Individual data of 146 consecutive patients (119 male and 27 female) stented with differentDESs such as Sirolimus (SESs), Everolimus (EESs), or Zotarolimus (ZESs) eluting stents were randomly collectedfrom various hospitals in South India. Pooled data were retro-prospectively analyzed, the primary end-point ofthis study was determination of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and individual events, which is acomposite of cardiac death, target vessel related myocardial infarction (TV-MI), target lesion revascularization(TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stent thrombosis (ST), and in-stent restenosis (ISR) at the end ofclinical follow-up which was scheduled at 3 months once up to 1 year after angioplasty. Baseline clinical andcardiac characteristics, angiographic and stent procedural characteristics, efficacy and suspected adverse reactionswere compared. Our study results indicate that SESs (a first-generation DES) were found to be non-inferior toEESs and ZESs in reducing risks and remains safe and effective at the end of 1-year clinical follow-up period inCAD patients after angioplasty