ABSTRACT
Oxytocin is extensively used to induce or augment uterine contractions, especially to facilitate the third stage of labor in humans. Administration of oxytocin to parturient sows reduces duration of labor whereas mortality of the offspring may remain unchanged. This study aimed to evaluate whether time of administration of oxytocin during parturition may alter the uterine response and fetal outcomes. Two hundred parturient sows were randomly assigned to intramuscularly receive either saline solution (control group) or oxytocin 0.083 IU/kg immediately after the delivery of the 1st, 4th or 8th piglet (groups O-1, 0-4 and 0-8, respectively). Uterine effects and fetal outcomes were registered in all groups. The duration of labor was 20-40 min shorter (P < 0.0001) and time interval between babies was reduced by 3-5 min (P < 0.0001) in the three groups receiving oxytocin. The duration and intensity of contractions, meconium-stained piglets and intrapartum deaths decreased as time at which oxytocin administered during labor was increased. In group 0-8, we observed approximately 70 percent less meconium-stained piglets and intrapartum deaths than in the control group. In conclusion, oxytocin administered at early phases of parturition to sows may increase duration and intensity of uterine contractions as well as adverse fetal outcomes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Myometrium/drug effects , Oxytocics/pharmacology , Oxytocin/pharmacology , Parturition/drug effects , Stillbirth/veterinary , Uterine Contraction/drug effects , Animals, Newborn , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Myometrium/physiology , Oxytocics/administration & dosage , Oxytocics/adverse effects , Oxytocin/administration & dosage , Oxytocin/adverse effects , Parturition/physiology , Swine , Time Factors , Uterine Contraction/physiologyABSTRACT
Brockground. The time-course of the effect of rocuronium during isoflurane anesthesia in children rarely evaluated. Forty-five children, aged 2-14 years, ASA 1, undergoing elective surgery and receiving isoflurane anesthesia, were studied. Methods. Patients randomly received a dose of 400, 600, or 800 µg/kg of rocuronium. The first response to control height (T1:TO) was fitted to time in order to obtain times to onset of action (TOA) including time to 90 (b10) and 99.9 percent (B100) of relaxation and to spontaneous reconver of 10 (T10), 25 (t25), 50 (t75), and 90 percent (T90) of neuromuscular function (NMF). Each time was compared among group. Linear regression analysis between the TOA or the times to spontaneous recovery of NMF (TSRNMF) and age or weight were also performed. Results. The TOA were similar among the three groups while TSRNF in children receiving 600 or 800 µg/kg were longer (p< 0.05) than children receiving 400 µg/kg. The T10 and T25 were related to age (p= 0.05), whereas T10, T50, T75, and T90 were related to weight (p< 0.01). These relationships were stringer in males than females. Conclusions. Maximal relaxation was reached in all children receiving 600 or 800 µg/kg of rocuronium. The TSRNMF were mainly related to the weight of the children, and gender affected each relationship. Widely variable response were observed with all three doses