ABSTRACT
A case is described, where and adolescent boy developed alopecia areata and alopecia totalis during the course of routine orthodontic treatment for the resolution of a dentoalveolar Class II division 1 malocclusion. The orthodontic treatment lasted 22 months, with a successful outcome. However, within eight months of the onset of treatment the patient lost all his hair. Exhaustive medical tests and differential diagnosis determined that the etiolgy of the patient's alopecia was psychological stress evoked by the orthodontic treatment. Numerous reports suggest that psychological stress can cause alopecia by affection the immune system. Therefore, it appears reasonable to assume that in the case of this patient, alopecia had resulted from stress effects on the immune system, leading to autoimmune disease-like conditions in tissues surrounding the scalp hair follicles. The alopecia condition was successfully reversed by daily oral and topical applications of vitamin D. It is concluded that the immune system plays a pivotal role in tissue remodeling around the teeth and elsewhere in the body, and conditions capable of affection this system may cause unfavorable outcomes, such as alopecia.