Overview of Clinical Issue Associated With Bisphosphonates In General Dentistry And Orthodontic Speciality.

Modern day general dental practice and orthodontic specialty practice is no longer limited only for healthy and younger individuals. Bisphosphonates ( Bp) have gained much popularity with regard to treatment of calcium metabolic disorders. In every part of the world currently adult patients under bisphosphonate therapy are visiting dental and orthodontic clinics to resolve their problems. So far there is no contraindication for orthodontic patients who are under bisphosphonate therapy. Even though there is no contraindication for orthodontic intervention, few general dental procedures like surgical or invasive treatments are avoided as a precautionary measure. Considerable modifications of regular dental and orthodontic procedures should be enforced in their management. This article reviews the clinical implication of the patients under bisphosphonate therapy who are in need of dental and orthodontic procedures.

Traction of Horizontally Impacted Central Incisor: A Case Report.

Impactions of maxillary central incisors occur uncommonly. Treatment of such impactions is challenging, as they interfere with facial esthetics and other clinical problems. Early detection of such teeth is most important if complications are to be avoided. We report a case of 13 year old female patient with impacted maxillary central incisor located high in the vestibule, parallel to the occlusal plane at the level of adjacent teeth root tips, with rotated right central incisor and mesially tipped left lateral incisor towards midline with barely 4-5 mm space left between the right central incisor and the left lateral incisor. The impacted tooth was surgically exposed and traction was done with orthodontic intervention.

Endo-Orthodontics- Inside And Outside The Root - Interactions: Tasks To Be Tackled.

Endodontic treatment of teeth is now a common procedure across all age groups, either as a result of caries or trauma. Furthermore, as the number of adults undergoing orthodontic treatment increases, the number of orthodontic patients presenting with restored teeth or having endodontic treatment is on the rise. Diagnosis and treatment planning for these patients require an evidence based approach to achieve a good functional and esthetic results. Orthodontic treatments have profound effect on pulp and periodontal ligament which can lead to root resorption or loss of vitality which remain as orthodontic scars. Literature regarding occurrence of root resorption in vital teeth and teeth having endodontic treatment, the influence of trauma, the provision and outcome of endodontic treatment when attempted during the course of orthodontic therapy and the adjunctive role of orthodontics in facilitating good endodontic output are inconclusive till now. The integrated endodontic and orthodontic treatment in such situations will give optimum results. This article mainly focuses on orthodonticendodontic interactive tasks to be tackled that are often encountered in clinical practice which play an important role in treatment planning and its outcome.

Ulnar and humeral heads forming separate bellies: a rare case of digastric flexor carpi ulnaris muscle / Cabezas ulnar y humeral formando vientres separados: un caso raro del músculo flexor ulnar del carpo digástri

Proper knowledge of muscular variations is essential for both anatomists and surgeons. Variations of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) are not very common. We are reporting an unusual case of FCU muscle with two bellies. The two heads (ulnar and humeral) of the muscle continued as two separate bellies and the tendons of which joined each other slightly proximal to the wrist before getting inserted to pisiform bone. Further, detailed literature review of variations of FCU muscle is done and the developmental basis for the variation and its surgical importance are discussed.

El correcto conocimiento de las variaciones musculares es esencial para anatomistas y cirujanos. Variaciones del músculo flexor ulnar del carpo (MFUC) no son muy comunes. Se reporta un caso inusual del MFUC con dos vientres. Las dos cabezas (ulnar y humeral) del músculo continuaron como dos vientres separados. Los tendones se unieron entre sí, ligeramente proximal a la muñeca, antes de llegar a su inserción en el hueso pisiforme. Se hace una detallada revisión de la literatura de las variaciones del MFUC y son discutidas las bases del desarrollo de las variaciones, destacándose además su importancia quirúrgica.

Bilateral prehilar multiple branching of renal arteries: a case report and literature review.

Proper knowledge of variations of the arteries supplying the kidney is essential not only to the anatomists but also to the surgeons. In the present paper we are reporting a case of bilateral early and multiple branching of the renal arteries. The origin of the 2 renal arteries was normal but soon after their origin they ended by giving rise to multiple branches. Most of these branches entered the kidney through the hilum. However, on both sides, one of the branches (superior polar artery) passed superolaterally to reach the upper pole of the kidney. The superior polar artery also gave rise to the inferior suprarenal artery. Further, related literature review is done and the urological implications of these variations in renal surgeries are discussed.

Nutritional neglect and physical abuse in children of alcoholics.

OBJECTIVE: Children of alcoholics are at higher risk for physical injuries and malnutrition. In this study nutritional neglect and physical abuse in children of alcoholics has been compared with children of non-alcoholics in a General Hospital attached to a Medical College. METHODS: 72 children of alcoholics were compared with 81 normal controls. 86.1% in case group and 49.4% in control group had malnourishment of various grades. RESULTS: 45% of the children of alcoholics had physical injuries in contrast to 23.4% of children of non-alcoholics. Malnutrition co-existed in almost all injured children of alcoholics. CONCLUSION: Alcoholism in parents of malnourished and injured children are frequently ignored in routine clinical evaluation. If the risk children are identified early some of the morbidity can be avoided.