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1.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 24: e84048, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376502

ABSTRACT

Abstract Assessment of the Nutritional Status (NS) allows screening for malnutrition and obesity, conditions associated with chronic non-communicable diseases. The fat mass index (FMI) stands out concerning traditional NS indicators. However, proposals that define thresholds for FMI are not sensitive to discriminate extreme cases (degrees of obesity or thinness). Only one proposal (NHANES), determined by total body densitometry (DXA), established eight categories of NS classification (FMI). However, DXA is expensive and not always clinically available. Our study aims to test the validity of the NHANES method using electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and skinfold thickness (ST) to classify NS. The FMI of 135 (69 women) university students aged 18 to 30 years old was determined using DXA, BIA, and ST. The agreement between the instruments (Bland-Altman) and the agreement coefficient in the NS classifications (Chi-square and Kappa index) were tested. The agreement test against DXA indicated that ST underestimated the FMI (-1.9 kg/m2) for both sexes and BIA in women (-2.0 kg/m2). However, BIA overestimated FMI (1.4 kg/m2) in men, although with less bias. There was no agreement between the NS classifications (NHANES) by FMI between DXA and BIA, or DXA and ST. The exception occurred between DXA and BIA in men who showed a slightly better consensus, considered "fair" (k = 0.214; p = 0.001). In conclusion, ST and BIA did not show enough agreement to replace DXA for NS classification, within NHANES thresholds. The FMI measurement tools for the NHANES classification of the categories of NS matters.


Resumo Avaliar o Estado Nutricional (EN) permite rastrear desnutrição e obesidade, condições associadas a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O índice de massa gorda (IMG) destaca-se em relação aos indicadores tradicionais de EN. No entanto, propostas que definem limiares para IMG não são sensíveis para discriminar casos extremos (graus de obesidade ou magreza). Apenas uma proposta (NHANES) estabeleceu oito categorias de classificação EN (IMG), mas foi determinada por densitometria corporal total (DXA). Porém, DXA é caro e nem sempre disponível. O objetivo foi testar a validade do método NHANES usando bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e dobras cutâneas (DOCs) para classificar o EN. O IMG de 135 (69 mulheres) universitários com idade entre 18 e 30 anos foi obtido por DXA, BIA e DOCs. A concordância foi testada entre os instrumentos (Bland-Altman) e classificações de EN (Qui quadrado e índice Kappa). O teste de concordância com a DXA indicou as DOCs subestimarem o IMG (-1,9 kg/m2) para ambos os sexos e a BIA em mulheres (-2,0 kg/m2). No entanto, as BIA superestimaram o IMG (1,4 kg/m2) nos homens, embora com menos viés. Não houve concordância entre as classificações de EN (NHANES) pelo IMG entre DXA e BIA/DOCs. A exceção ocorreu entre DXA e BIA em homens que apresentaram concordância "razoável" (k = 0,214; p = 0,001). Em conclusão, DOCs e BIA não mostraram concordância suficiente para substituir DXA pela classificação de EN, dentro dos limites NHANES. As ferramentas diferem para medir IMG e classificar categorias de EN (NHANES).

2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412369

ABSTRACT

Objective: To test the cross-validation of anthropometric prediction equations for appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in older Brazilian women. Methods: Sixty-seven older women (69.84 ± 5.95 years old) underwent anthropometric measurements. AMM (kg) reference values obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (AMMDXA) were compared to 20 anthropometric equations for estimating AMM in older adults. A paired t-test (p > 0.05), standard error of estimate (SEE < 3.50 kg), and r2 > 0.70 confirmed the validity of the equations. The agreement between predictions and the reference was also verified (Bland-Altman analysis of agreement between methods). Results: Four American equations and one Mexican equation were not statistically different from AMMDXA (p > 0.05) but did not present suitable r2 values for validation. The American equation from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), AMM (kg) = (-0.04 × age [years]) + (0.46 × calf circumference [cm]) + (0.32 × arm circumference [cm]) + (0.11 × thigh circumference [cm]) ­ (0.27 × body mass index [BMI, kg/m2 ]) + (0.07 × waist circumference [cm]) ­ 13 119 showed the best performance (r2 = 0.64; SEE = 3.24 kg), with minimal mean difference (0.26 kg), no heteroscedasticity for extreme values, and with high agreement with the Brazilian sample (-3.90 to 3.40 kg). Conclusion: When specific equations for a given population are not available, the use of generic equations of greater sample representativeness with scientifically and reliably analyzed data is allowed.


Objetivo: Testar a validação cruzada das equações antropométricas preditivas da massa muscular apendicular (MMA) em idosas brasileiras. Metodologia: Sessenta e sete idosas (69,84 ± 5,95 anos) foram submetidas a medidas antropométricas. Os valores de referência da MMA (kg) fornecida pela absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (MMADXA) foi comparada com 20 equações antropométricas preditivas para estimar a MMA para idosos. Teste t pareado (p > 0,05), erro padrão de estimativa (EPE) < 3,50 kg e r2 > 0,70 confirmaram a validade das equações. A concordância entre as previsões e a referência também foi verificada (análise de concordância entre métodos de Bland-Altman). Resultados: Quatro equações americanas e uma equação mexicana não foram estatisticamente diferentes da MMADXA (p > 0,05), mas nenhuma delas apresentou r2 adequado para validação. A equação americana dos dados do National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), MMA (kg) = (-0,04 × idade [anos]) + (0,46 × circunferência da panturrilha [cm]) + (0,32 × circunferência do braço [cm]) + (0,11 × circunferência da coxa [cm]) ­ (0,27 × índice de massa corporal-IMC [kg/m2 ]) + (0,07 × circunferência da cintura [cm]) ­ 13,12 apresentou o melhor desempenho (r2 = 0,64; EPE = 3,24 kg): com diferença média mínima (0,26 kg), sem heterocedasticidade para valores extremos e alta concordância com a amostra brasileira (-3,90 a 3,40 kg). Conclusão: Quando não existem equações específicas para uma determinada população, é permitida a utilização de equações genéricas de maior representatividade amostral, cujos dados tenham sido analisados de forma científica e confiável


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Anthropometry/methods , Sarcopenia/diagnosis , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Reference Values , Absorptiometry, Photon , Cross-Sectional Studies , Models, Biological
3.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 19(5): 505-514, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897866

ABSTRACT

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging and Computer tomography are gold standards in the measurement of muscle tissue (MT), but are expensive. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is also costly but safer and allows for the measurement of Appendicular Lean Soft Tissue (ALST), a strong predictor of MT. Alternatively, there are anthropometric models that predict the ALST of Portuguese athletes with low cost/risk that have not been validated in other populations. The aim of this study was to validate anthropometric Portuguese models that predict ALST in young athletes or, if the validation fails, to propose new models. The ALSTDXA of 174 young athletes was determined by DXA. Two anthropometric models (ALSTmod1 and ALSTmod2) measuring ALST among Portuguese athletes were tested. To validate the coefficient of determination, the difference (bias) and concordance correlation coefficient between predicted and actual values were computed. Finally, association between mean and difference of methods was verified. Validation failed and, for this reason, new multiple regression models were proposed and validated using PRESS statistics. The Portuguese models explained ~96% of the ALSTDXA variability. The difference between ALST (-0.7kg) was less than that found for the ALSTmod2 and ALSTDXA limits of agreement from 3.6 to -2.1 and from 6.1 to -1.5kg, respectively. The new models included three predictive equations for ALST. Only ASLTmod1was valid; however, it was prone to bias, depending on the magnitude of ALST values. The newly proposed models present validity with greater concordance (r2PRESS=0.98), lower standard error of estimate (SEEPRESS [kg]=0.91) and more homogeneous predicted extreme values.


Resumo Ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada são referências para medir o tecido muscular (TM), porém apresentam custo elevado. A Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DXA) é segura, embora ainda dispendiosa, permite medir a Massa Isenta de Gordura e Osso apendicular (MIGOap), forte preditor do TM. Alternativamente, existem modelos antropométricos preditivos da MIGOap de atletas portugueses com baixo custo/risco, porém sem validação para outras populações. Objetivou-se validar modelos antropométricos portugueses preditivos da MIGOap em jovens atletas ou propor novos modelos, caso a validação falhe. A determinação da MIGOapDXA de 174 jovens atletas foi realizada por DXA. Dois modelos antropométricos (MIGOapmdJ1 e MIGOapmd2) de atletas portugueses foram testados para predizer MIGOap. Para validação o coeficiente de determinação, a diferença (viés) e a concordância entre valores medidos e preditos foram calculados. Finalmente, a associação entre média-e-diferença dos métodos foi calculada. A validação falhou, assim foram propostos novos modelos de regressão múltipla validados por estatística PRESS. Os modelos portugueses explicaram ~96% da variabilidade da MIGOapDJAf A diferença entre MIGOapmod1 e MIGOapDXA (-0,7kg) foi menor do que MI-GOapmod2 (-2,3kg), com limites de concordância de3,6 a -2,1 e de 6,1 a -1,5kg, respectivamente. Os novos modelos incluíram três equaçõespreditivaspara MIGOap. Somente MIGOapmd1foi válido, todavia mostrou grande tendência a vieses, conforme magnitude dos valores de MIGOap. Os novos modelos propostos mostraram validade com maior concordância (r2PRESS=0,98), menores erros de estimativa (EPEPRESS =0,91) e valores preditos mais homogêneos para casos extremos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Body Composition/physiology , Anthropometry/methods , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology
4.
Motriz (Online) ; 23(spe2): e1017116, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-895035

ABSTRACT

Abstract Aim: to estimate the resting energy expenditure (REE) of organ tissue components using Dual Energy x-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in pubertal boys. The mass of components and REE were compared among groups of different nutritional statuses. Methods: a sample of 278 boys (13.7 ± 2.4 years old) was grouped according to BMI nutritional status for Brazilian children and adolescents1 such as Underweight (UW), Normal weight (NW), Overweight (OW), and Obese (OB). The REE of organ tissue components given by DXA was calculated using specific models for skeletal muscle tissue (SMT), adipose tissue (AT), bone tissue (BT) and residual tissue (RT) based on previous reports. The absolute and relative REE (REEDXA) of each component were statistically compared among groups. Results: No differences of total REEDXA were found among nutritional groups (F(3, 274)=0.071, p=0.976). When, however, specific REE was considered per component, differences were found for BT and REEBT between NW-OW (p=0.003) and NW-OB (p=0.048); in AT and REEAT for all the groups (p<0.001), except between UW-NW (p=1.000); in RT and REERT between NW-OB (p=0,022) and SMT and REESMT (p=0,039). Greater proportions of organ tissue of RT and high metabolic rates, were observed in the UW group (78.3%) in comparison to the OB group (60.7%). Conclusion: This approach provides a new opportunity to examine energy metabolism for individual differences of pediatric populations. It is an applicable strategy both to prescribe exercises and to administer diets to this population, as it reveals the magnitude of heat-producing body components.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Nutritional Status , Energy Metabolism , Body Mass Index , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation
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