ABSTRACT
All though extremely rare 10 years ago, antifungal drug resistance is becoming a major problem in certain populations, especially in those infected with HIV. This study was undertaken to study the resistance of Candida species isolated in our hospital to Fluconazole using Chrom agar Candida. The Candida strains which were routinely isolated from clinical specimens like blood, urine, sputum, pus, fluid and homograft isolates were included in the study. 142 Candida isolates were tested by using Chrom agar Candida incorporated with Fluconazole. 16 strains were found to be resistant to Fluconazole and 126 strains sensitive to Fluconazole. Nine were C. tropicalis, 3 C. krusei, 2 C. guillermondii, 1 Geotrichum candidum and one was an unidentified strain of Candida. The MIC of the 16 strains were done using RPMI 1640 medium by macro broth dilution method. MIC of 9 strains was 64 & > 64 ug/ml of 6 strains 32 ug/ml and 1 strain 16 ug/ml.
Subject(s)
Agar , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Although extremely rare 10 years ago, antifungal drug resistance is becoming a major problem in certain populations, especially in those infected with HIV. This study was undertaken to study the resistance of Candida species isolated in our hospital to Fluconazole using Chrom agar Candida. The Candida strains which were routinely isolated from clinical specimens like blood, urine, sputum, pus, fluid and homograft isolates were included in the study. 142 Candida isolates were tested by using Chrom agar Candida incorporated with fluconazole. 16 strains were found to be resistant to Fluconazole and 126 strains sensitive to Fluconazole. Nine were C tropicalis, 3 C krusei, 2 C guillermondii, 1 Geotrichum candidum and one was an unidentified strain of Candida. The MIC of the 16 strains were done using RPMI 1640 medium by macro broth dilution method. MIC of 9 strains was 64 & > 64 micrograms/ml of 6 strains 32 micrograms/ml and 1 strain 16 micrograms/ml.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Candidiasis/microbiology , Culture Media , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Intravascular catheters are increasingly important causes of nosocomial infections. Catheter related complications range from local exit site or tunnel infections to frank bacteremias. A semiquantitative method of culture of central venous catheters (CVC) was done in our hospital from January to December 1996. A total of 119 catheter tips sent to the Microbiology Department were cultured and 11 (9.24%) showed significant growth with associated blood stream infection. 14 (11.76%) of the CVCs showed scanty or less than 15 colonies in roll or contents and there was no associated blood stream infection. 7 (5.88%) showed moderate to heavy growth in roll and contents and there was no blood stream infection. The age groups ranged from 2 months to 66 years. The results of the study indicate that Gram negative organisms formed the predominant isolates. Gram negative isolates included Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, E. coli species, Serratia and non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli. Coagulase negative staphylococcus which is often believed to be an important pathogen was not associated with bacteremia or septicemia in our hospital, during this study period. Considering the fact that 1553 operations were performed during the study period, the infection rate through CVC's would work out to a negligible 0.71%.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Equipment Contamination , Female , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Antenatal detection of Meckel-Gruber Syndrome associated with short-limbed devarfism is described here. This association has not been previously reported.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Dwarfism/congenital , Encephalocele/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/congenital , Polydactyly/diagnostic imaging , Syndrome , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
Sixteen isolations of nocardia of which 12 were from pulmonary infections, one from wound infection, one from mycetoma and 2 from eye infections were studied from June, 1989 to May, 1990. The importance of Gram's stain findings of primary smear is being highlighted. The nocardia species were identified utilising the morphological characters including acid fastness and cultural and biochemical characters. Notable among the isolates were Nocardia brasiliensis, one each from mycetoma and pulmonary infection, which are rare in South India and Nocardia asteroides from a case of endophthalmitis probably of endogenous origin.
Subject(s)
Aged , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Female , Gentian Violet , Humans , India , Lung Diseases/microbiology , Male , Middle Aged , Nocardia/isolation & purification , Nocardia Infections/microbiology , Phenazines , SerotypingSubject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Pericarditis/microbiology , Salmonella Infections , Salmonella typhimurium , SuppurationABSTRACT
A total of 249 isolations of Salmonella were made during 1991, of which 67.46 per cent were resistant to chloramphenicol. Resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin was higher (82.91, 77.69, 81.42 per cent respectively). Salmonella typhi was predominant agent forming 94.78 per cent and Salmonella paratyphi A caused the remaining infections. 44.98 per cent of the isolations were in children. This outbreak has been discussed in the light of other reports from India.