Diagnostic Accuracy of Xpert MTB Compared to Smear Microscopy in Pulmonary vs Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the mostsignificant infectious disease causing death worldwide.Inability to rapidly diagnose and treat the affected patientsleads to increased morbidity and mortality, developmentof secondary resistance. There is sparse data which showthe accuracy of diagnosis of tuberculosis by Gene Xpert inpatients. There is limited data on the usefulness of XpertMTB in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB. Study aimedto evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of XpertMTB comparedto smear microscopy in pulmonary and extra pulmonarytuberculosis.Material and methods: Prospective observational studyconducted from May 2017 to July 2017. The study wasconducted in Department of medicine, Department ofpulmonology at R.L.Jalappa hospital and research centre,Kolar. 139 tubercular suspects who were not human immunedeficiency virus (HIV) positive were included in the study.Result: Out of 139 patients 72 were males and 67 were females.99 pulmonary samples and 40extrapulmonary samples wereobtained. 93 pulmonary samples and 24 extrapulmonarysamples were culture positive. Smear microscopy has lowersensitivity in diagnosing pulmonary TB (46.2%) as well asextrapulmonary TB(16.6%).Conclusion: The Xpert MTB is a rapid, sensitive and areliable diagnostic test for TB than smear microscopy in bothpulmonary as well as extra pulmonary TB. The diagnosisof extrapulmonary TB should not solely depend on theresults of Xpert MTB and should be subjected to culture ofMycobacterium.

Histopathology Of 4 Cases Of Retinoblastoma: A Study At Rims Ranchi

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular neoplasm of children. Retinoblastomas can present at birth but are usually diagnosed between 1 and 2 years of age, with heritable cases arising in younger infants. This is a retrospective study conducted at a Tertiary care centre, RAJENDRA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, RANCHI from May, 2018 to April 2019. 4 cases with histopathological diagnosis of retinoblastoma were included in the study. The age of the patients of these 4 cases were 20months, 24months, 31months and 68months. The mean age being 35.75months and median age being 22months. 3 out of 4 cases were male patients. Optic nerve as involved in 2 of the cases. It is important that attention be given to the details of the histopathological report in Retinoblastoma, particularly optic nerve invasion, corneal involvement, anterior and posterior chamber involvement to determine post-enucleation therapy and prognosis.

Histopathologic Findings in Autopsies of Heart, Liver and Kidneys with special reference to Interesting and Incidental Findings

Introduction – Histopathological finding in autopsy cases are often unexpected as the patient may not be aware of disease condition throughout life. Aim and Objectives – The aim of the study was to determine various histopathological findings unrelated to the cause of death Material and methods – the retrospective study of 2 years was conducted in department of Pathology, RIMS, Ranchi and spectrum of histopathological findings unrelated to the cause of death were noted. Result – 141 autopsy cases were conducted during a period of two years from January 2017 to December 2018, out of which 99 cases had abnormal findings. Liver, being an important organ had maximum incidental findings followed by atherosclerosis. Conclusion – Incidental findings in autopsy cases are not uncommon. Autopsy examination helps in identifying underlying disease conditions unrelated to the cause of death.

An Unusual Case Of Myocardial Tuberculosis Alongwith Involvement Of Kidneys

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the commonest infectious disease encountered in clinical practice and more so in the developing countries. Despite of effectiveness of treatment,it is still a major cause of death. Tuberculosis can effect almost every organ of the body with maximum cases in the lungs accounting to 80%[1]. It is seen that extrapulmonary site have increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular involvement is rare about 1-2%[2] and that too seen usually in the pericardium.The involvement of myocardium is even rarer. Here is a case of autopsy finding in 47 years old female showing myocardial involvement due to tuberculosis. Tubercular findings were also found in the bilateral kidneys.