ABSTRACT
Abstract This study was aimed to develop the haloperidol (HPL) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for brain targeting through the intranasal route. SLNs were fabricated by the emulsification diffusion technique using glyceryl behenate as lipid and tween 80 as a surfactant. SLNs were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, structure, entrapment efficiency, solid state characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in-vitro release. In-vivo biological evaluation was performed on albino Wistar rats for the determination of pharmacokinetic as well as brain targeting parameters. Particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation (HPL-SLNs 6) were found to be 103±09 nm, 0.190±0.029, -23.5±1.07 mV, and 79.46±1.97% respectively. In-vitro drug release studies exhibited that 87.21± 3.63% of the entrapped drug was released from the SLNs within 24 h. DSC curves confirmed that during entrapment in SLNs, the drug was solubilized in the lipid matrix and converted into the amorphous form. Enhanced HPL targeting to the brain was observed from HPL-SLNs as compared to HPL-Sol when administered intranasally. The value of AUC 0-∞ in the brain for HPL-SLNs i.n. was found to be nearly 2.7 times higher than that of HPL-Sol i.v., whereas 3.66 times superior to HPL-Sol administered i.n. Stability studies revealed that the formulation remains unchanged when stored at 4±2 °C (refrigerator) and 25±2 °C /60 ±5% RH up to six months. Finally, it could be concluded that SLN is a suitable carrier for HPL with enhanced brain targeting through i.n administration, as compared to the HPL-Sol, administered i.n. and i.v.
ABSTRACT
Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. Formulation of a convenient dosage form for oral administration, by considering swallowing difficulty especially in case of geriatric and pediatric patient leads to poor patient compliance. To troubleshoot such problems a new dosage form known as orally disintegrating tablet (ODT), has been developed which rapidly disintegrate & dissolve in saliva and then easily swallowed without need of water which is a major benefit over conventional dosage form. In addition, patients suffering from dysphasia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer such preparation because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in such type of dosage form. The popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several ODT technologies for preparation. The current article is focused on ideal characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, formulation aspects, formulation technologies, evaluation of products and future potential. Various marketed preparations along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been discussed.