Squatting Facets and Trochlear Extensions of Talus Bone in Indian Population

Introduction:The talus is a tarsal bone articulated with the tibia, fibula, navicular, and calcaneus bones to form supratalar, pretalar, and subtalar joints, respectively. A squatting facet is a kind of anomaly that forms on the surfaces where the tibia and talus articulate. The squatting facet states the daily activities and living style of society. Squatting is described as the hyperflexion of the hip and the knee and the movement of hyperdorsiflexion between the leg and the ankle. Materials and Methods: In the present cross‑sectional study, 600 dry adult human tali were taken from the osteology laboratory in the Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, UP, Lucknow. Each talus was examined for the presence of various patterns of articular facets on the neck of the talus and extensions of its trochlear surface. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, as reference code: 121 ECMIIA/P3. Results: In our study, we observed that the lateral, medial, and combined squatting faces are 282 (47.64%), 49 (8.28%), and 22 (3.72%), respectively. Lateral, medial, and continuous trochlear extensions are 126 (21.12%), 120 (20.58%), and 31 (5.36%), respectively, in the Indian population. Conclusion: Modifications of the neck of the talus (squatting facets and trochlear extensions) are the result of prolonged squatting positions, which is a common habit of the Indian population, and incidences of these variations can be used as an anthropological marker for racial and regional differentiation of unidentified bones.

To Study the Functional Outcomes of Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Osteoarthritis Kee

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known asdegenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wearand tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage leadingto radiologically decreased joint space. Proximal fibularosteotomy (PFO) is an alternative treatment to high tibialosteotomy (HTO). Hence; under the light of above mentioneddata, the present study was undertaken for assessing thefunctional outcomes of proximal fibular osteotomy inosteoarthritis knee.Material and methods: A total of 10 patients with OA ofknee were enrolled in the present study. The patients wereplaced in the supine position after administration of spinalanaesthesia. An approximately 5-cm longitudinal incisionwas made over the lateral aspect of the proximal fibula, andthe fibula exposed between the peroneus muscle and soleusmuscle. PFO was performed under the hands of skilled andexperienced orthopaedic surgeon. Knee pain was assessedusing a Visual analogue scale. Knee ambulation activitieswere recorded using the knee and function subscores of theAmerican Knee Society score (KSS). All the results wererecorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSSsoftware. Chi- square test and Mann Whitney U test were usedfor assessment of level of significance.Results: Mean KSS score at pre-operative, postoperative,postoperative 6 weeks and postoperative 9 months werefound to be 44.03, 53.50, 58.60 and 68.14 respectively.Significant results were obtained while comparing the meanKSS at different postoperative time intervals. In the presentstudy, mean VAS score at pre-operative, postoperative,postoperative 6 weeks and postoperative 9 months were foundto be 8.77, 6.96, 4.36 and 2.52 respectively. Significant resultswere obtained while comparing the mean VAS at differentpostoperative time intervals.Conclusion: PFO is a novel alternative method in themanagement of medial compartment arthritis of the knee.

In silico analysis of chili encoded miRNAs targeting Chili leaf curl begomovirus and its associated satellite

Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), a member of the Geminiviridae family (Genus: Begomovirus), is one of themost destructive plant viruses. Micro (mi) RNAs (miRNAs) are the endogenous non-coding small RNAsthat play significant roles in plant growth and stress resistance by degrading targeted mRNA or repressingmRNA translation. Computational methods have identified numerous miRNAs in many plant species, whereasthere is no report of chili miRNAs targeting essential genes of the ChiLCV genome and associated satellites.In this study, we have predicted chili-encoded miRNAs that could be used for silencing against chili leafcurl virus (Accession no. MF737343) infection. We predicted several potential mir-miRNAs, exhibited highcomplementarities with V1 coat protein and C1 (Rep) genes of ChiLCV. Other overlapping genes, such as V2,C2, and C3 were also targeted by mir-miRNAs.

Estimation and Comparison of Erythrocyte and Hemoglobin Levels in Subjects with Healthy Periodontium and Chronic Periodontitis

Objective: To compare and evaluate the relationship between anemia and periodontitis by estimation of peripheral blood between healthy patients and chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Methods: Of the total of 230 outpatients approached to participate in the study, 100 eligible patients were selected as per the selection criteria. After written consent, these patients were divided into two groups according to the clinical parameters as healthy and disease (chronic periodontitis) groups. Under aseptic conditions, venous blood samples were obtained by vein-puncture in the ante-cubital fossa without excessive venous stasis and the mean value of erythrocytes (EC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were measured. Paired t-test was employed to find the significance of study parameters on continuous scale within the group analysis and unpaired t-test (two tailed, dependent) was used to find the significance of study parameters on continuous scale in the inter group analysis. Results: Generally, the healthy group reported higher levels of EC, HGB, MCV and MCH than the periodontitis group. The mean hemoglobin level was significantly higher (p-value<0.05) in healthy patients (12.66 ±1.41 gm/dl) whereas a slightly lower level of 11.32±1.85 gm/dl was observed in patients with chronic periodontitis. Similarly, the range of erythrocyte count of healthy patients was significantly higher (3.69-5.29 million/µl) than chronic periodontitis patients (3.33-5.97 million/µl). Whilst MCV was higher in healthy patients but non-significant, higher mean MCH of 27.75 ± 3.25 pg/cell was reported in healthy patients compared to mean of 25.73 ± 3.22 pg/cell in patients with chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: Significant hematological differences in EC, HGB, MCV and MCH between healthy periodontium and chronic periodontitis subjects were seen indicating mild anemia.

Study of coronary artery atherosclerosis in sudden deaths and its medico-legal relevance.

The coronary artery diseases can play a crucial medico- legal role to decide the cause of sudden death whether natural or unnatural. There are certain occasions, when a person dies on the operating table or soon after surgery, and a coronary attack is probably the cause of death. A final coronary episode may sometimes be associated with an operative procedure supposedly due to hypotensive state. During driving or piloting a person may goes into a state of confusion because heart attack. In this state he may lose control and an accident can happen. These conditions indicate that intervention of Forensic Pathologist is significant to decide the actual cause of death apart from injury or disease of vital organs. We examine coronary arteries for atherosclerotic changes in 50 cases of sudden deaths. We observed that there were marked intimal thickening with luminal narrowing ≤ 75% of luminal diameter in 20 cases (40%) in total hearts. In natural deaths 17 cases (48.57%) showed luminal narrowing ≤ 75% of luminal diameter. These findings are suggestive of medico legal intervention to clarify the mode of death in some instances.