ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da biomassa remanescente de pastagens de estação fria para produção de silagem e feno. As espécies testadas foram: aveia preta cv. Agro Zebu, azevém anual cv. Comum e trigo cv. BRS Tarumã. As forrageiras foram pastejadas por vacas em lactação da raça Holandesa, sob método de pastejo de lotação rotacionada. A silagem e o feno foram elaborados da biomassa remanescente das pastagens, 20 dias após o final do período de pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3x2, com três repetições. Foram avaliados o rendimento de forragem, a composição botânica e a estrutural da forragem conservada, os parâmetros fermentativos da silagem e o valor nutritivo da silagem e do feno. O rendimento de forragem foi similar entre as espécies, e o material ensilado apresentou pequenos percentuais de lâminas foliares e grãos. A silagem apresentou características fermentativas desejáveis. A ensilagem apresentou menores perdas de componentes solúveis e proporcionou uma forragem com valor nutritivo mais elevado em relação à fenação, sendo a forma mais indicada para conservar a biomassa remanescente de pastagens de estação fria.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of cool season pastures' remaining biomass as conserved forage. The tested species were: Agro Zebu black oat, Common ryegrass and BRS Tarumã wheat. The pastures were grazed by Holstein dairy cows, in the rotating stocking grazing method. Hay and silage were done from the stubble of pasture, twenty days after the end of the grazing period. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with tree replicates. Forage yield, structural and botanical composition of preserved forage, fermentative parameters and nutritive value of silage and hay were evaluated. Forage yield was similar among species, and ensiled material has small percentuals of leaf blades and grains. The silage presents desirables fermentation parameters. The silage had lower losses of soluble components, provides forage with a higher nutritional value compared to hay, and is the most appropriate way to conserve cool season remaining biomass.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Avena , Biomass , Nutritive Value , Pasture , Silage , Animal FeedABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais (OE) de Origanum vulgare (orégano), Thymus vulgaris (tomilho), Lippia graveolens (lipia), Zingiber officinale (gengibre), Salvia officinalis (sálvia), Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) e Ocimum basilicum (manjericão), e de suas frações majoritárias, carvacrol e timol, frente a 32 isolados de Staphylococcus spp, oriundos de rebanhos leiteiros bovinos. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração bactericida mínima foram determinadas por meio da técnica de microdiluição em caldo. Orégano, tomilho e lípia (Orégano Mexicano) apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana similar, médias geométrica de CIM de 1600µg mL-1; 1564µg mL-1; 1562µg mL-1, respectivamente, no entanto menos ativos que carvacrol, 584µg mL-1 e thymol, 427µg mL-1. Isolados com diferentes perfis de susceptibil idade aos antimicrobianos usados no tratamento de mastite bovina, quando subagrupados, foram inibidos por concentrações semelhantes de OE . Estes resultados confirmam a atividade antimicrobiana de OE e algumas frações majoritárias.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Anti-Infective Agents , Mastitis, Bovine , Ocimum basilicum , Origanum , Thymus serpyllum/therapeutic use , Thymol/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The micronucleus (MN) test and the alkaline single cell gel or comet assay were applied to exfoliated cells of the buccal mucous in order to evaluate the genotoxic risk associated with occupational exposure of 10 storage battery renovation workers, and 10 car painters, with age matched controls, in Pelotas, RS, in southern Brazil. In the MN test, 2000 exfoliated buccal cells were analyzed for each individual, while 100 cells were examined in the comet assay. In the comet test, both comet tail length and a damage index were calculated. Highly significant effects of occupational exposure were found with both the MN test and the comet assay (P<0.001). The comet assay was found to be rapid, of simple visualization, and it is a sensitive technique for measuring and analyzing DNA damage in human cells
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Lead/toxicity , DNA Damage , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Paint/toxicity , Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Brazil , Benzene/toxicity , Case-Control Studies , Comet Assay , Micronucleus Tests , Mouth Mucosa/chemistry , Solvents/toxicityABSTRACT
In this study, the micronuclei test (MNT) was applied in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa, in order to evaluate the genotoxic risk associated with occupational exposure of mechanics, storage battery renovation workers, and car painters. For each individual, 3000 exfoliated buccal cells were analyzed. There was a significantly higher frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) in the exposed workers than in controls. Smoking and drinking habits, age, and working time did not represent significant factors in terms of increasing the production of micronuclei (MN), when the control and the exposed groups were compared. These results allowed to conclude that the studied individuals belong to a risk group and should periodically undergo biological monitoring and proper care