ABSTRACT
Antecedentes: A comienzos de los 70, se introdujo en Chile el examen de citología cervical para la pesquisa precoz de cáncer cérvico uterino. La adherencia a este examen ha demostrado su utilidad para la pesquisa oportuna de la patología y para la disminución de la mortalidad. Objetivo: Examinar las percepciones que tiene un grupo de mujeres chilenas con lesiones preinvasoras de cuello uterino, sobre el Papanicolau. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, transversal. Se entrevista a un grupo de 237 mujeres ingresadas al programa AUGE del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur-Oriente, Santiago, Chile. Resultados: Las principales razones para no hacerse el Papanicolau y no acudir a buscar el resultado fueron: la falta de preocupación; los problemas relacionados al procedimiento como miedo, vergüenza, incomodidad y falta de tiempo; y la falta de conocimiento. Conclusión: Todas las razones dadas por las mujeres chilenas en este estudio, han sido descritas en la literatura internacional. Los profesionales de la salud están en situación de cambiar la perspectiva que las mujeres tienen y por lo tanto para mejorar la educación y la práctica del screening en las mujeres. Resultados de este estudio pueden servir de guía para desarrollar programas educativos y posteriormente ser aplicados en la práctica clínica.
Background: At the beginning of the 70s, the exam of cervical cytology was introduced in Chile. The adherence to this exam has demonstrated its utility for the opportune search of the pathology and mortality decrease. Objective: To examine perceptions about the Papanicolau (PAP) test from the perspectives of Chilean women with premalignant lesions. Method: Descriptive, qualitative, and cross-sectional study in a group of 237 women from AUGE program in the Southeast Metropolitan Public Health Service, Santiago, Chile. Results: The principal reasons for not having had a PAP test were procrastination; the problems related to the PAP test procedure like fear, embarrassment, discomfort, and lack of time; and lack of knowledge. Conclusion: All the reasons given by the Chilean women in this study have been described in the international literature. Health professionals are in a position to change the perspective that the women have, and therefore for increasing the education and cervical cancer screening for women. Results of this study can serve as a guide for education programs and can be applied in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Vaginal Smears/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Interviews as Topic , Mass Screening , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , National Health Programs , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/psychology , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Estudio analítico longitudinal prospectivo, sobre características de sexualidad y su evolución a los 6 meses en 104 mujeres histerectomizadas de un hospital público de Santiago. La recolección de los datos fue a través de una entrevista. Para el análisis se utilizó t Student, Q de Cochrane y Kappa. El reinicio de la vida sexual fue en promedio a los 52,7 + 27 días posthisterectomía. No hubo diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de relaciones sexuales; presencia y frecuencia de orgasmo; percepción de deseo sexual y grado de excitación sexual. La prevalencia de incontinencia y dispareunia disminuyeron significativamente y la satisfacción sexual de la mujer mejoró a los seis meses. Se concluye que al igual que en estudios internacionales, la sexualidad de las mujeres no se afecta negativamente después de la histerectomía y se plantea la importancia de la educación sexual en estas mujeres.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hysterectomy/adverse effects , Hysterectomy/statistics & numerical data , Hysterectomy/trends , Sexuality/statistics & numerical data , Sexuality/physiology , Chile/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/physiology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Background: Despite the epidemiological importance and the surveillance programs to detect cervix uterine cancer in Chile, its mortality continues to be high. Aim: To perform an audit of all deaths due to cervix uterine cancer, that occurred in a health service of Santiago during 1995. Material and methods: The clinical records and pathological studies of 46 women, whose death certificates indicated cervix uterine cancer as the cause of death, were audited. Results: In six women, the audit revealed that the cause of death was not a cervix uterine cancer, and they were discarded from further analyses. The higher mortality rate (36/100000) ocurred in women over 64 years old, those living in the poorest community and with less Papanicolaou vaginal smears coverage (La Pintana). The evolution prior to diagnosis was registered in only four women and was of less than one year. Most women consulted in advanced stages of the disease and only 48percent were subjected to some sort of treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy). Mean survival was 3 years and mean age at death was 55.5 years old. There was a great lack of clinical and epidemiological information. In only 13 women information about previous Pap smears was registered. Conclusions: Audit of deaths should be an important component of preventive programs for cervix uterine cancer, and the coverage of Pap smears should be improved