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Rev. chil. pediatr ; 87(3): 186-192, jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-787102

ABSTRACT

Introducción El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la incidencia de quemaduras y características epidemiológicas en niños de una comuna de Santiago de Chile en 10 años. Pacientes y método Estudio analítico, mediante revisión de fichas clínicas de menores de 15 años provenientes de la comuna de Pudahuel, que consultaron por quemaduras en Corporación de Ayuda al Niño Quemado (COANIQUEM) de Santiago durante 2011. Se compara con resultados de otro similar realizado en 2001 en esta misma zona. Resultados En 2011 ingresaron 440 niños, tasa de incidencia de 700/100.000 < 15 años (IC 95%: 635-765), con disminución de 25% respecto al 2001 (tasa de incidencia 933/100.000; IC 95%: 856-1.010). El 52% era de sexo masculino, 64,5% menores de 5 años; un 88% se quemó en el hogar propio, del vecino o de un familiar. Hubo un cambio significativo del agente causal, aumentando su importancia relativa objeto caliente (27,1%), situación que se refleja en el mecanismo de la quemadura, al aumentar el contacto con la estufa o el calefactor y emerger el contacto con la plancha de pelo y el tubo de escape de la moto. Localización más frecuente fue la mano, aumentando 30,3%. Un 66,4% presentó una extensión de la quemadura < 1% de la superficie corporal total (2001, 61%). Hubo un descenso significativo del 54% de las quemaduras profundas. El 23,2% ingresó en rehabilitación, proporción similar al año 2001. La tasa de hospitalización y/o injerto disminuyó de 104/100.000 a 62/100.000 < 15 años (IC 95%: 43-82). Conclusiones La incidencia de quemaduras disminuyó en el periodo estudiado y el objeto caliente adquiere predominancia como agente causal. La disminución de la tasa de hospitalización y/o injerto indica una menor gravedad de las quemaduras.


Introduction The aim of the study was to compare the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of burns suffered by children in a district of Santiago of Chile over a period of ten years. Patients and method An analytical study was conducted by checking through the medical files of children under 15 years of age from Pudahuel district who were admitted with burns to the Santiago Aid to Burned Children Corporation (COANIQUEM) during 2011. A comparison was made with the results obtained in a similar study performed in the same district in 2001. Results In 2011, 440 children were admitted, with an incidence rate of 700/100,000 < 15 years old (95% CI: 635-765), a decrease of 25% compared to 2001(Incidence rate of 933/100,000; 95% CI: 856-1010). There were 52% males, 64.5% under 5 years old of age, 88% burned at home, or at other houses where they are been taking care of. There was a significant change in the causative agent, and included, increasing by their relative importance; hot objects (27.1%). The mechanism that mostly increased in occurrence were contact with stoves or heaters, and also emerge that caused by hair iron, and motorcycle exhaust. The most common location was the hand, increasing by 30.8%, and 66.4% showed an extension of the burn of < 1% total body surface area (2001, 61%). A significant decline of 54% of deep burns was observed, and 23.2% were admitted to rehabilitation, a similar proportion to 2001. The rate of hospitalization and/or skin graft decreased from 104/100,000 to 62/100,000 < 15 years old (95% CI: 43-82). Conclusions Burns incidence has decreased. Hot objects are now the main causal agent. The decrease in the rate of hospitalization and/or graft indicates a lower severity of burns.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Burns/epidemiology , Skin Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Burns/pathology , Trauma Severity Indices , Chile/epidemiology , Incidence , Follow-Up Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution
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