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Background: Flow characteristics of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials are important determinants in the selection of impression materials for the fabrication of accurate indirect restorations. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the flow of three commercially available VPS impression materials at different time intervals using a shark fin device (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Study Setting and Design: This in?vitro study was carried out at the prosthodontics department of a dental institution. Methods and Material: The height of the shark fin produced by each impression material determined the rate of flow. Statistical Analysis: The data were analysed using one?way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post?hoc Tukey’s test (p?0.05). Results: Shark fin height of group A VPS impression material was significantly higher at 30 and 120 seconds compared to group B and group C VPS impression materials. Shark fin height produced by group B VPS impression materials at 60 and 90 seconds was significantly higher than the group C VPS impression material but non?significant compared to group A. At 120 seconds, there was no significant difference in the shark fin heights of all the tested materials. Conclusion: All the materials exhibited adequate flow characteristics within clinically acceptable limits
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A 20 years old male patient reported to dental OPD with a complaint of swelling in the lower left back tooth region of jaw since 4 months. Patient gave a history of gradual increase in swelling from 4 months which was associated with dull aching type of pain. There was no history of trauma, balm application or pus discharge from the swelling. The patient had pain while chewing hard food and experienced an abnormal sensation over the left cheek region. There was no history of tooth removal in the same region from past 4 months. His past medical history was not significant. He was a known betel nut chewer. Extra oral examination (figure 1) revealed an ill-defined, single, diffused swelling present in in lower third on left side of the face extending anteroposteriorly from left preauricular region to ala of nose. S/I from Frankfort horizontal plane to left submandibular region measuring about 7 × 8 cms. On palpation, local temperature was raised.
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The incidence of breast carcinoma is reportedly the second highest among all carcinomas in Indian women. Depending on the extent of resection, age, general health, and economic condition of the patient, various methods of breast reconstruction using surgery have been reported with success and a superior cosmesis. When the patient is unwilling to opt for surgical reconstruction due to various constraints, an alternative technique must be employed. In such cases, nonsurgical prosthetic reconstruction using maxillofacial silicones is considered the only viable option. This prevents the need for a second surgery and rehabilitates the patient during the decision-making phase for considering a delayed reconstructive surgery. The prosthesis mimics the natural texture, feel, weight, and appearance as its natural counterpart enabling the patient to go about her routine social activities. This case report illustrates an indigenous method of rehabilitation of a unilateral mastectomy case using hollow breast form/prosthesis
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Introduction: Anastrozole is an anti-cancer drug, an effective aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancerin post-menopausal women. As it undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism and has many side effects related to oraluse, it has been envisaged to develop anastrozole invasomes in the form of transdermal gel.Objective: The objective of this work was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate invasomal gel of anastrozole.Materials and Methods: Invasomes were prepared by thin layer film hydration method using Phospholipon 80H,fenchone (terpene), and ethanol. The optimized invasomes were incorporated into sodium carboxy methyl cellulosegel. Prepared formulations were evaluated and cytotoxic study on Michigan cancer foundation (MCF)-7 cancer cellline was studied.Results and Discussion: The scanning electron microscope results of the optimized formulation showed sphericalshaped vesicles.The ex vivo permeation of invasomes and the skin deposition (73%) were studied on male Wistar ratskin. Cell line studies on MCF-7 cells showed cytotoxic effect of optimized formulation at 5 µl/ml.Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed anastrozole invasomes enhanced the transdermal flux and theresults obtained encouraged the use of the anastrozole invasomal gel for the potential treatment of breast cancer inpost-menopausal women.
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Introduction: Anastrozole is an anti-cancer drug, an effective aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancerin post-menopausal women. As it undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism and has many side effects related to oraluse, it has been envisaged to develop anastrozole invasomes in the form of transdermal gel.Objective: The objective of this work was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate invasomal gel of anastrozole.Materials and Methods: Invasomes were prepared by thin layer film hydration method using Phospholipon 80H,fenchone (terpene), and ethanol. The optimized invasomes were incorporated into sodium carboxy methyl cellulosegel. Prepared formulations were evaluated and cytotoxic study on Michigan cancer foundation (MCF)-7 cancer cellline was studied.Results and Discussion: The scanning electron microscope results of the optimized formulation showed sphericalshaped vesicles.The ex vivo permeation of invasomes and the skin deposition (73%) were studied on male Wistar ratskin. Cell line studies on MCF-7 cells showed cytotoxic effect of optimized formulation at 5 µl/ml.Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed anastrozole invasomes enhanced the transdermal flux and theresults obtained encouraged the use of the anastrozole invasomal gel for the potential treatment of breast cancer inpost-menopausal women
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Background: OSMF is a well-recognized, potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity. Monitoring the widespread consequences of OSMF requires interventions in at-risk persons ideally earlier the disease becomes aggressive. Iron and vitamin C have been widely studied in recent years to judge whether they have any modifying effects in the etiology of precancer and cancer. Aim of study was to evaluate levels of iron and vitamin C in serum and saliva in patients with OSMF. Methods:Study group comprised of 66 patients, out of which 22 cases of clinically diagnosed OSMF patients and 22 cases of betelnut habitual without OSMF and 22 cases of age and sex matched control healthy patients were recruited. Estimation of Iron by Ferrozine method and vitamin C by 2-4 dinitrophenylhydrazine method in serum and saliva was carried out by using Spectrophotometer. The statistical analysis was done. Results: Level of iron and vitamin C in serum and saliva was significantly decreased in OSMF patients when compared to betelnut habitual and controls group which were statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study, all the cases of OSMF showed decrease in iron and vitamin C levels which suggests that the iron and vitamin C plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of OSMF. In group II (Betel nut habituals without OSMF) patients showed decrease in iron and vitamin C levels which suggest that, betel nut quid with or without tobacco consumption may alter the serum and salivary levels of iron and vitamin C and plays an important role in the advancement of OSMF. Therefore regular monitoring of betel nut habituals should also be carried out because they are at higher risk of developing OSMF in future. Study indicates that saliva also may be used as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool to evaluate the iron and vitamin C in OSMF patients. Estimation of iron and vitamin C in OSMF patients would help in management, in developing therapies based on the trace element expression.
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Radiology (imaging) and imaging-guided interventions, which provide multi-parametric morphologic and functional information, are playing an increasingly significant role in precision medicine. Radiologists are trained to understand the imaging phenotypes, transcribe those observations (phenotypes) to correlate with underlying diseases and to characterize the images. However, in order to understand and characterize the molecular phenotype (to obtain genomic information) of solid heterogeneous tumours, the advanced sequencing of those tissues using biopsy is required. Thus, radiologists image the tissues from various views and angles in order to have the complete image phenotypes, thereby acquiring a huge amount of data. Deriving meaningful details from all these radiological data becomes challenging and raises the big data issues. Therefore, interest in the application of radiomics has been growing in recent years as it has the potential to provide significant interpretive and predictive information for decision support. Radiomics is a combination of conventional computer-aided diagnosis, deep learning methods, and human skills, and thus can be used for quantitative characterization of tumour phenotypes. This paper discusses the overview of radiomics workflow, the results of various radiomics-based studies conducted using various radiological images such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET), the challenges we are facing, and the potential contribution of radiomics towards precision medicine.
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Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Genome , Genomics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasms/therapy , Phenotype , Positron-Emission Tomography , Precision Medicine/methods , Radiology/methods , Radiology, Interventional/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , WorkflowABSTRACT
Context: Castability has been found to be affected by many aspects of the entire casting system. Very few references in dental literature are available regarding recasting of the base metal alloys. Aims: To evaluate and compare the castability of fresh and reused nickel‑chromium alloy and to evaluate the effect of two brands of investment materials on castability of nickel‑chromium alloy. Subjects and Methods: For the experimental purpose of evaluation of the effect of recasting of nickel‑chromium alloy on its castability, different percentages of new and casted alloy (Nickel‑chromium alloy‑(Wirolloy NB, Type 4 (Ni‑67%; Cr‑25%; Mo‑5%; Si‑1.5%; Mn, Nb, B, C each <1%) and two commercial brands of investment materials namely, Deguvest Impact (Degudent; Dentsply Germany) and Bellavest SH (Degudent; Dentsply Germany) was used to obtain 30 samples. Castability value was obtained using Whitlock’s formula. Student t-test and one way ANOVA using SPSS 20.0 software was done. Results: The results of this study confirm earlier works that demonstrate that there is no significant difference in castability values of new and recast alloys. In addition, it also demonstrated, there was no difference in castability using Deguvest Impact and Bellavest SH investment materials. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference found in castability of different percentage combinations of new and once casted alloy using two investment materials. The addition of new alloy during recasting to maintain the castability of nickel‑chromium alloy may therefore not be required.
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Background: The main advantage of sputum cytology is its simplicity, non-invasiveness and minimal discomfort to the patient. Though, the sputum is evaluated in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the report on the same in the South Indian population was lacking. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken to evaluate the role of sputum in the diagnosis of lung cancer in South Indian population. Methods: The material consisted of sputum samples from 133 patients and was collected in clean wide mouthed disposable plastic containers. Patients were asked to collect sputum the next morning after washing the mouth properly. The sputum was immediately brought to the laboratory and poured into a watch glass. Four smears were prepared from each sample, out of which two smears were immediately fixed in methanol and the other two were air-dried. The methanol fixed smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain. Out of the two air dried smears, one was stained with May Grunwald Giemsa and the other with Gabbot's method for AFB. The smears were screened for malignant cells and a cytological diagnosis was made. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. The data obtained were represented as mean percentages. Results: The observation of sputum smears showed numerous pleiomorphic keratinized squamous cells, keratinized squamous cell with hyper chromatic nucleus in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, pleiomorphic cells having vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nucleus with prominent nucleoli as in adenocarcinoma of the lung, cells arranged in small clusters and having scanty cytoplasm in small cell carcinoma and cells are slightly larger than lymphocyte with scanty cytoplasm and hyper chromatic, grooved nuclei in small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Cytology of sputum is extremely useful and highly sensitive. The diagnostic accuracy is directly proportional to the number of samples. Sputum cytology is highly sensitive for the centrally located squamous cell carcinoma rather than the peripherally located adenocarcinoma. Properly collected, simple sputum examination alone can give results similar to other highly expensive methods like bronchoscopic material for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Background: Panoramic radiography is one of the most commonly used radiographic methods to complement clinical examination. Ionizing radiation is a well-known mutagen and carcinogen in the human population. So this study was undertaken to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of panoramic radiation by assessing the frequency of micronuclei formation in the exfoliated buccal epithelium. Methods: 50 patients of either sex in the age range of 15 to 75 years with apparently normal oral mucosa with no adverse habits and without any oral lesions were included in the present study after their consent. Buccal epithelial cells were obtained from the buccal mucosa by scraping with the toothbrush immediately before and after 10 ± 2 days of exposure to panoramic radiography. Cytological preparations were stained and observed under microscope. Student’s paired‘t’ test was used for the comparison between mean frequency of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells in patients before and after panoramic radiography. Results: Significant increase (P <0.0001) in the frequency of cells with micronuclei and total number of micronuclei after panoramic radiography was detected. Conclusion: The X-radiation emitted during panoramic radiography does induce some genotoxic changes in the form of increased frequency of micronuclei in target buccal epithelial cells.
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Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla (MG) and var. Perampalli Gulla (PG) are unique varieties with distinct flavour cultivated in Udupi, Karnataka State, and are exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration method is required to expedite the manipulation of these brinjal varieties to cope up with stress by tissue culture and gene transfer methods. The present study, reports a rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for these two varieties. The in vitro growth response was studied on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, BAP and IAA, and the plantlets were regenerated efficiently from callus cultures of leaf, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. Among the three explants, the hypocotyl explants were found to have better callus induction and multiple shoot regeneration. High frequency of shoot initiation was achieved from hypocotyl derived calluses in MS media with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA in MG and PG. Efficient and rapid shoot proliferation, and elongation were noted in MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.3 mg/L GA3. The in vitro regenerated shoots produced healthy roots when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. A significant difference was observed in percentage of callus induction, number of shoots per callus, shoot elongation and number of hardened plantlets of MG and PG. MG showed maximum response in all stages of culture than PG. Hardening of plantlets in tissue culture was achieved in three weeks. The hardened plantlets were grown in pots for further acclimatization in green house and finally transplanted to experimental garden where they developed into flowering plants and produced mature fruits with viable seeds.
Subject(s)
Cell Culture Techniques , Cotyledon/cytology , Cotyledon/growth & development , Culture Media , India , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/cytology , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Plant Roots/cytology , Plant Roots/growth & development , Plant Shoots/cytology , Plant Shoots/growth & development , Regeneration/physiology , Seeds/cytology , Seeds/growth & development , Solanum melongena/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of Kennedy's classification, status of existing prosthodontic appliances if any, awareness of the subjects regarding various treatment options, and treatment needs in a group of elderly institutionalized residents. Materials and Methods: The subjects were selected from various old age homes present in Mangalore city, with ages ranging from 60 to 80 years. The subjects were interviewed and examined by a single trained examiner and findings were recorded on a clinical case history report sheet. Results: Kennedy's class I was most prevalent and class IV the least. Among the subjects examined, only 12.4% were wearing prosthesis. Based on the Nevalainen's index and Karslon's index, most of the prosthodontic appliances were found to be in poor condition. 86% of the subjects were in need of prosthodontic treatment. 75% of the subjects interviewed were unaware of the treatment options available. Conclusion: The elderly patients living in institutions do not achieve a deserving and satisfactory oral health care. The oral care assistance in institutionalized elderly patients has been an unfulfilled service.
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Cleft palate is a commonly observed congenital maxillofacial defect. Numerous methods of prosthodontic rehabilitation have been advocated ranging from simple removable prosthesis to implant supported restorations. The final choice mainly depends upon the existing clinical condition and patient’s acceptance towards treatment. This clinical report describes a conservative and cost effective method of rehabilitation of a cleft palate patient using a removable partial denture made from heat polymerizing acrylic resin.
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BACKGROUND: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) due to Escherichia coli is one of the most common diseases encountered in clinical practice. Most common recognised pathogenic factor in E.coli is adhesion. There is accumulating evidence that through subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of many antibiotics do not kill bacteria, they are able to interfere with some important aspects of bacterial cell function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was conducted to investigate the effect of sub MICs (1/2-1/8 MIC) of ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole on E. coli adhesiveness to human vaginal epithelial cells using three strains ATCC 25922, MTCC 729 and U 105. RESULTS: The 1/2 MIC of all the antibiotics tested produced the greatest inhibition of bacterial adhesion. Morphological changes were observed with ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and ampicillin at 1/2 MIC and to a lesser extent at 1/4 and 1/8 MIC. Co-trimoxazole caused the greatest suppression of adhesion at 1/2 MIC of E. coli strain MTCC 729 when compared with the controls, followed by ceftazidime. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that co-trimoxazole is the most effective antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic E. coli.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Escherichia coli/physiology , Female , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A retrospective microbiological analysis of ophthalmia neonatorum among the hospital-born babies of a rural multispecialty hospital over a period of 2 years was made. Diagnostic cultures were performed in all the affected babies and 30 cases were found to be culture positive for bacterial species. The spectrum of various bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were studied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the commonest causative organism according to this study and newer fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were the antibiotics that showed the best sensitivity pattern.