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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(3): 279-285, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785796

ABSTRACT

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The genus Flavivirus includes several pathogenic species that cause severe illness in humans. Therefore, a rapid and accurate molecular method for diagnosis and surveillance of these viruses would be of great importance. Here, we evaluate and optimize a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for the diagnosis of the Flavivirus genus. METHODS: We evaluated different commercial kits that use the SYBR Green system for real-time RT-PCR with a primer set that amplifies a fragment of the NS5 flavivirus gene. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were tested using twelve flaviviruses and ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcribed from the yellow fever virus. Additionally, this assay was evaluated using the sera of 410 patients from different regions of Brazil with acute febrile illness and a negative diagnosis for the dengue virus. RESULTS: The real-time RT-PCR amplified all flaviviruses tested at a melting temperature of 79.92 to 83.49°C. A detection limit of 100 copies per ml was determined for this assay. Surprisingly, we detected dengue virus in 4.1% (17/410) of samples from patients with febrile illness and a supposedly negative dengue infection diagnosis. The viral load in patients ranged from 2.1×107to 3.4×103copies per ml. CONCLUSIONS: The real-time RT-PCR method may be very useful for preliminary diagnoses in screenings, outbreaks, and other surveillance studies. Moreover, this assay can be easily applied to monitor viral activity and to measure viral load in pathogenesis studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Flavivirus Infections/diagnosis , Flavivirus/genetics , Organic Chemicals , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Brazil , RNA, Viral/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Flavivirus Infections/virology , DNA Primers , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Flavivirus/isolation & purification , Flavivirus/classification , Fluorescent Dyes
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(6): 385-390, June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784246

ABSTRACT

Vesiculoviruses (VSV) are zoonotic viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis disease in cattle, horses and pigs, as well as sporadic human cases of acute febrile illness. Therefore, diagnosis of VSV infections by reliable laboratory techniques is important to allow a proper case management and implementation of strategies for the containment of virus spread. We show here a sensitive and reproducible real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection and quantification of VSV. The assay was evaluated with arthropods and serum samples obtained from horses, cattle and patients with acute febrile disease. The real-time RT-PCR amplified the Piry, Carajas, Alagoas and Indiana Vesiculovirus at a melting temperature 81.02 ± 0.8ºC, and the sensitivity of assay was estimated in 10 RNA copies/mL to the Piry Vesiculovirus. The viral genome has been detected in samples of horses and cattle, but not detected in human sera or arthropods. Thus, this assay allows a preliminary differential diagnosis of VSV infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Vesicular Stomatitis/diagnosis , Vesiculovirus/genetics , Cattle , Horses/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reproducibility of Results , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Arq. ciênc. saúde ; 16(1): 21-25, jan.-mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535608

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os serviços de hemodinâmica e Angiografia estão surgindo em várias instituições no país. Enfermeiros capacitados nesses serviços são requisitados, e a deficiência para encontrar profissional capacitado é evidente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar dificuldades e necessidades da equipe de enfermagem em serviços de hemodinâmica e angiografia no país. Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário com as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, exames realizados mensalmente, número de funcionários, supervisão direta e indireta, compra de produtos usados na hemodinâmica, processo de re-esterilização, dificuldades cotidianas, atividade executada em outro setor, tempo de compressão depois da retirada de introdutor; além das atividades executadas por profissionais enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, técnicos de radiologia e médicos. O questionário foi aplicado a 56 enfermeiros hemodinamicistas, que atuam em 30 cidades de 17 estados do Brasil. Resultados: Os questionários continham perguntas abertas e fechadas, cujas respostas foram expressas em forma de Tabela, em anexo. Após a avaliação percebe-se que há dificuldade em gerenciar e liderar o setor de hemodinâmica, assim como em executar diversas atividades, quer sejam simples ou complexas. A responsabilidade de supervisão do enfermeiro de hemodinâmica é ampla, como gerenciar materiais de alto custo, liderança da equipe. A literatura sobre o assunto é deficiente. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros que atuam em serviços de hemodinâmica e angiografia estão vivenciando a evolução do setor, suas dificuldades, assim como suas necessidades.


Introduction: Hemodynamic and angiography services are emerging in several institutions nationwide. Skilled registered nurses are often requested to work at these services, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to find a skilled professional. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the nursing team needs and difficulties at the hemodynamic and angiography services nationwide. Methodology: Data were collected through a questionnaire composed of the following variables: gender, age, examinations performed monthly, number of employees, direct and indirect supervision, hemodynamic product purchasing, reesterilization process, difficulties in daily practice, activity performed in another sector, compression time after introducer with drawal, and activities performed by nurse professionals, licensed practical nurses and practical nurses (nurses’ aides), radiology technician, and physician. The questionnaire was applied to 56 hemodynamic nurses who work in 30 cities in 17 Brazilian States. Results: Questionnaires consisted of open and closed questions. The answers are summarized in Table. After the evaluation, the difficulty to manage and lead this sector as well as to perform several activities either simple or complex was highlighted. The nurse’s supervision responsibility is wide and involves the management of high-cost materials and team leadership. The literature regarding this issue is scarce and poor. Conclusions: Nurses who work at hemodynamic and angiography services are experiencing the evolution and progress of the sector, as well as its needs and difficulties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Angiography/nursing , Nursing, Team/statistics & numerical data , Hemodynamics , Nurse's Role , Nursing Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(3): 152-158, mar. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479632

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este estudo retrospectivo avaliou a freqüência do uso da bacteriologia do escarro no manejo clínico de pacientes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) em um hospital geral, e se a utilização deste método modificou a mortalidade. MÉTODOS: Os prontuários de pacientes internados no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil, para tratamento de PAC entre maio e novembro de 2004 foram revisados quanto aos seguintes aspectos: idade; sexo; gravidade da pneumonia (escore de Fine); presença de expectoração; bacteriologia do escarro; história de tratamento; resposta clínica; troca de tratamento; e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 274 pacientes com PAC, sendo 134 do sexo masculino. Dentre os 274 pacientes, 79 (28,8 por cento) apresentavam, de acordo com o escore de Fine, classe II; 45 (16,4 por cento), classe III; 97 (35,4 por cento), classe IV; e 53 (19,3 por cento), classe V. Em 92 pacientes (33,6 por cento), uma amostra de escarro foi colhida para exame bacteriológico. Obtivemos amostra válida em 37 casos (13,5 por cento) e diagnóstico etiológico em 26 (9,5 por cento), o que resultou em modificação do tratamento em apenas 9 casos (3,3 por cento). A mortalidade geral foi 18,6 por cento. Idade acima de 65 anos, a gravidade da PAC e a ausência de escarro associaram-se à maior mortalidade. A bacteriologia do escarro não influenciou o desfecho clínico, nem a taxa de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: O exame do escarro foi uma ferramenta diagnóstica utilizada na minoria dos pacientes, e não trouxe benefício detectável no manejo clínico dos pacientes com PAC tratados em ambiente hospitalar.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of the use of sputum examination in the clinical management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a general hospital and to determine whether its use has an impact on mortality. METHODS: The medical records of CAP patients treated as inpatients between May and November of 2004 at the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, located in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were reviewed regarding the following aspects: age; gender; severity of pneumonia (Fine score); presence of sputum; sputum bacteriology; treatment history; change in treatment; and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 274 CAP patients (134 males and 140 females) were evaluated. Using the Fine score to quantify severity, we classified 79 (28.8 percent) of those 274 patients as class II, 45 (16.4 percent) as class III, 97 (35.4 percent) as class IV, and 53 (19.3 percent) as class V. Sputum examination was carried out in 92 patients (33.6 percent). A valid sample was obtained in 37 cases (13.5 percent), and an etiological diagnosis was obtained in 26 (9.5 percent), resulting in a change of treatment in only 9 cases (3.3 percent). Overall mortality was 18.6 percent. Advanced age (above 65), CAP severity, and dry cough were associated with an increase in the mortality rate. Sputum examination did not alter any clinical outcome or have any influence on mortality. CONCLUSION: Sputum examination was used in a minority of patients and was not associated with any noticeable benefit in the clinical management of patients with CAP treated in a hospital setting.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Process Assessment, Health Care , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Sputum/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/mortality , Hospitalization , Multivariate Analysis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Survival Rate
5.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 13(3): 382-389, set.-dez. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-421673

ABSTRACT

A papaína tem sido utilizada pelo enfermeiro para o tratamento de diversas feridas. No entanto, necessita-se de evidências que demonstrem seu efeito no desbridamento e aceleração da cicatrização. Esta investigação, por meio de revisão de literatura, teve como objetivo compilar estudos realizados por enfermeiros brasileiros ou graduandos de enfermagem na literatura nacional e indexados nos Bancos de Dados de Enfermagem, Bibliográficos da Universidade de São Paulo e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde, para averiguar as evidências disponíveis sobre a utilização da papaína. Foram analisados sete artigos de 1987 a 2000. Constatou-se reduzida produção científica de enfermagem e ausência de estudos com forte evidência do efeito terapêutico da papaína em feridas, sendo necessárias mais pesquisas com desenhos experimentais para a efetiva comprovação de sua eificácia.


Subject(s)
Wound Healing , Nursing Care , Papain/therapeutic use , Latin America , Databases, Bibliographic , Brazil , Data Collection
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