Pesquisa de sorovares de leptospiras em rebanho bovino leiteiro no estado do Piauí, Brasil / Survey of leptospira serovars in a dairy cattle herd in Piauí state, Brazil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a pesquisa de sorovares de leptospiras em animais de uma fazenda localizada no Município de Buriti dos Lopes, integrante da Bacia Leiteira de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 18 vacas da raça Girolando que abortaram no período de julho de 2004 a abril de 2005. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) utilizando-se antígenos vivos de 23 sorovares de leptospiras patogênicas. 83,33% (15/18) das amostras apresentaram aglutininas anti-leptospira, sendo 53,33% de sorovar Hardjoprajitno (8/15), 6,67% para Hardjobovis (1/15), Wolffi (1/15) e Shermani (1/15) e quatro (4/15) co-agluitinações. A amostra do reprodutor apresentou aglutininas antileptospira para o sorovar Hardjobovis com titulação 1:400 o que sugere que este animal teve participação na disseminação da infecção no rebanho.

This study aimed to report the leptospira serovar varieties in animals from a farm located in the county of Buriti dos Lopes, within the so-called "milk basin" of Parnaíba, state of Piauí, Brazil. Samples of blood were collected from 18 Girolando cows who aborted between July 2004 and April 2005, and a sample was taken from a breeder bull. The samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (SAM), using live antigens of 23 pathogenic leptospira serovars. Serum samples were screened in the dilution of 1:100. Data analysis revealed that 83.33% (15/18) of the samples showed anti-leptospira agglutinins, of which 53.33% were for the Hardjoprajitno serovar (8/15), 6.67% each for Hardjobovis (1/15), Wolffi (1/15) and Shermani (1/15), along with 4 (4/15) coagglutinations. The breeder-bull sample showed anti-leptospira agglutinins for serovar Hardjobovis with titration of 1:400, suggesting that this animal had participated in the spread of the infection in the herd.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in families with medium and high risk of breast and ovarian cancer in Brazil

Of all malignant neoplasias affecting women, breast cancer has the highest incidence rate in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of genetic modifications in families with medium and high risk for breast and ovarian cancer from different regions of Brazil. An exploratory, descriptive study was carried out on the prevalence of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in case series of high-risk families for breast and/or ovarian cancer. After heredogram construction, a blood sample was taken and DNA extraction was performed in all index cases. The protein truncation test was used to screen for truncated mutations in exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene and in exons 10 and 11 of the BRCA2 gene. Of the 612 individuals submitted to genetic testing, 21 (3.4 percent), 19 women and 2 men, had mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Of the 19 BRCA1 mutations found in the 18 participants, 7 consisted of ins6kb mutations, 4 were 5382insC, 3 were 2156delGinsCC, 2 were 185delAG, 1 was C1201G, 1 was C3522T, and 1 was 3450del4. With respect to the BRCA2 gene, 3 mutations were found: 5878del10, 5036delA and 4232insA (one case each). The prevalence of germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes found in the present study was lower than reported by other studies on high-risk Brazilian populations. The inclusion of individuals with medium risk may have contributed to the lower prevalence observed.