Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction and Extra-Articular Tenodesis in a Contralateral Above-Knee Amputee Following Complex Trauma: A Case Report

@#We report the outcome following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction combined with a Modified LeMaire procedure in a patient who underwent multiple surgeries following an open ipsilateral femoral fracture and an above knee amputation of the contralateral limb at the time of initial trauma. This case highlights the importance of achieving ligamental stability in the contra-lateral limb in aiding proper rehabilitation following amputation and the potential pitfalls of retrograde femoral nailing.

Quality by design (Qbd) approach to develop stability indicating HPLC method for estimation of rutin in chitosan-sodium alginate nanoparticles

Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside, mainly consists of phenolic compounds, responsible for many biological activities. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a precise, simple, robust, rapid and reliable reverse phase high -performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique by using Qbd approach for evaluating the rutin in nanoparticles. Central composite design (CCD) was employed for optimizing the experimental conditions of RP-HPLC method. Buffer pH, methanol content in the mobile phase composition, flow rate, and wavelength were selected as independent variables whereas retention time, peak area, and asymmetry factor was selected as dependent variables. The retention time, peak area and asymmetric factor of rutin by using optimized independent variables were found to be 3.75 min, 1014.79 mV, and 1.26 respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were found to be 0.005 µg/mL and 0.15 µg/mL respectively. For confirming linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness, the optimized assay condition was validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method, which was optimized by QbD approach was found to be a suitable method for analyzing the rutin in chitosan-sodium alginate nanoparticles.

Antenatal Ultrasonogram Detection of Fetal Urinary Tract Dilatation – Evaluation to form Guidelines for Postnatal Risk Stratification and Treatment Plan: A Single-center Study

Introduction: The incidence of antenatally detected genitourinary abnormalities is on the rise. Although this has led to earlierinterventions and better prognosis, there is a lack of standardization and uniformity in the diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation (UTD)which has resulted in more confusion than before regarding the management. Entities such as “prominent pelvis,” “pelviectasis,”and “hydronephrosis” have been used without any objective criteria which lead to unnecessary and extensive postnatal evaluation.Aim: This study aims to study the imaging features of those infants with antenatally diagnosed fetal urinary tract dilation andto standardize the protocol for postnatal follow-up and management.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 72 mothers who were antenatally diagnosed with fetal UTD were enrolledfor the study and postnatal follow-up done by imaging with ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram, and intravenous urogram.Results: Among the 72 enrolled cases of 24 were categorized under UTD A1, nine children were managed conservativelywith regular follow-up. Those categorized under UTD P1, six cases had normal postnatal scans at the 1st week of life and at1 month, of which three cases had transient hydronephrosis and two had partial pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). Of14 children with intermediate-risk dilation UTD P2, 11 children had complete PUJO, two had partial PUJO, and one had bilateralvesicoureteric reflux (VUR), of which patients with complete PUJO required pyeloplasty and the rest needed only observation.Among the 20 neonates with UTD P3 high-risk dilatation, 10 cases of posterior urethral valve, six cases of complete PUJO, onecase of obstructive megaureter, one case of VUR, one case of bilateral ureterocele, and one case of non-neurogenic bladder,all of which required surgical intervention except in case of VUR.

Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata flowers.

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for development of coronary artery disease. Cassia auriculata is traditionally used in India for medicinal purposes. In this study, effect of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata flowers (Et-CAF) was investigated in Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Treatment with the Et-CAF (450 mg/kg b.wt) significantly reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) levels and significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level associated with reduction of atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic rats. However, there was no change in the serum lipid profile of normal rats treated with Et-CAF alone. The results suggest that Et-CAF has a beneficial effect in treating hyperlipidemia and may serve as a potential drug for prevention of hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis.

Induction of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats by lipopolysaccharide and its effect on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in lung.

Acute lung injury (ALI) or its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of mortality in the human population. Despite significant advances made, the mortality associated with ALI remains unchanged. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress, alveolar antioxidant status and multiple organ injury in ARDS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups, group I control rats were given saline intraperitoneally, whereas groups II, III and IV (LPS-treated) rats received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed after various time intervals. In LPS-treated rats, we observed increased levels of oxidative products, decreased levels of antioxidants in lung tissues and increased levels of serum marker enzymes, suggesting multiple organ injury. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil content and protein concentration in LPS-treated rats were significantly elevated in a time-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed neutrophil influx and diffused alveolar damage in LPS-administered rats. These results clearly suggested that increased oxidant levels led to oxidative stress, antioxidant deficiency attenuating lung inflammation and tissue damage. LPS administration resulted in multiple organ failure, leading to increased mortality.