La derivación protocolizada a endoscopía asociada a la detección de Helicobacter pylori mediante antígeno en deposiciones disminuye lista de espera para endoscopía y optimiza la detección de lesiones pre-malignas y cáncer gástrico incipiente / Protocolized referral to endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori detected in stools aimed to decrease endoscopy waiting lists

Background Chile has one of the highest mortality rates by gastric cancer (GC) worldwide. Primary prevention of GC and detection of pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic lesions should be a national priority. Aim To assess the impact of the protocolization of endoscopy referral and the use of H. pylori stool antigen test (HPSA) in the management of dyspepsia to decrease the waiting list for endoscopy and increase the detection of gastric pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic lesions. Material and Methods We included all patients referred to the Endoscopy Unit of a regional hospital, from January 2015 to December 2017. We also included patients with known pre-neoplastic lesions and all those with first degree relatives with GC. We implemented protocols for referral of patients with dyspepsia considering the use of HPSA test, prioritizing to endoscopy those with a higher risk of GC. Results A total of 4,641 endoscopies and 2,631 HPSA tests were carried out. After the adoption of these protocols, we observed a 52% decrease in the waiting time for endoscopy. The GC detection rate in this period was 1.8 to 3.1 cases per 100 endoscopies. After the adoption of the protocols, we observed a significant increase in early GC detection rate (from none in 2015 to 13% in 2017, p = 0.03). Conclusions The protocolization of the referral for endoscopy associated with widespread use of HPSA test in the management of patients with dyspepsia, are successful strategies to decrease waiting lists for endoscopy and optimize the detection rate of pre-neoplastic lesions and early GC.

Valor predictivo del sistema BIRADS para detección de cáncer de mama con mamografía en biopsias por punción con aguja gruesa: Revisión de 5 años en un hospital de referencia / Predictive value of breast imaging report and database system (BIRADS) to detect cancer in a reference regional hospital

Background: To validate the BIRADS in mammography, the calculation of its predictive value in each center is required, as recommended by the American College of Radiology. Aim: To determine the predictive value of the BIRADS system in our center. Material and Methods: All ultrasound guided needle percutaneous biopsies, performed at our center between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed. Predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of BIRADS were calculated, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Of 1,313 biopsies available, 1,058 met the inclusion criteria. Fifty eight percent of biopsies were performed to women with mammographies classified as BIRADS 4 or 5. The presence of cancer in mammographies classified as BIRADS 0 was 4%. The prevalence of cancer for mammographies BIRADS 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 0, 3, 2.7, 17.7 and 72.4% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of BIRADS classification were 55 and 92 % respectively. Conclusions: In our institution BIRADS classification 4 and 5 has a high positive predictive value for detecting cancer as in developed countries.

Prevalencia de la infección genital por virus papiloma humano en hombres universitarios voluntarios de la IX Región, Chile / Prevalence of human papillomavirus genital infection among male university students

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Aim: To determine prevalence of HPV genital infection in voluntary asymptomatic male university students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study in 62 asymptomatic, sexually active male students. Exfoliated cells were obtained from the penüe shaft and coronal sulcus. Samples were analyzed for HPV DNA detection and genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and Reverse Line Blot. Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 84 percent. HPV detection was 77 percent in penile shaft and 66 percent in coronal sulcus. The most commonly detected types were HPV-16 (45 percent), HPV-11 (19 percent), HPV-6 (10 percent) and HPV-18 (9 percent). Múltiple infection wasfoundin 54 percent. The most frequent combinations were VPH11/16 (18 percent) and VPH16/18 (5 percent). Conclusions: HPV infection is highly frequent in asymptomatic male university students, high rísk HPV types were greatly predominant.

Quimiorradiación previo a cirugía en cáncer de la vesícula biliar / Chemoradiation before gallbladder cancer surgery

El cáncer de la vesícula biliar presenta diseminación prerentemente de tipo local, por lo cual su tratamiento debe ser de preferencia locorregional. Con el objetivo de conocer la factibilidad de emplear quimiorradiación previo a cirugía de tipo radical, desarrollamos un protocolo prospectivo. Desde abril de 1993 hasta octubre de 1995, incluímos a 13 pacientes portadores de un cáncer de la vesícula biliar diagnosticado luego del estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza de colecistectomía. Del total de pacientes, 12 completaron el esquema de qQuimiorradiación y fueron reintervenidos. De éstos, 11 fueron resecados con expectativas de cirugía curativa. El tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y el inicio del protocolo nunca fue superior a 2 meses. El efecto secundario más común relacionado a la quimiorradiación fue la presencia de plaquetopenia, observada en 6 pacientes. Del total de pacientes, 7 permanecen vivos con un seguimiento máximo de 32 meses. Como conclusión, podemos decir que el empleo de quimiorradiación previo a cirugía representaría una forma útil de terapia sin afectar mayormente la realización de cirugía radical. En la actualidad, está en desarrollo otro protocolo prospectivo randomizado tendiente a comparar el efecto de la quimiorradiación en relación al momento de la cirugía

Pancreatoduodenectomía: experiencia en 24 casos intervenidos en forma consecutiva sin mortalidad / Pancreatoduodenectomy: experience in 24 consecutive operated cases without mortality

Se presentan los resultados de 24 pacientes a quienes se les practicó una pancreatoduodenectomía. La principal indicación fue el cáncer de la ampolla de Vater, 16 casos, menos frecuentes fueron el cáncer de páncreas y de colédoco distal. La intervención, fue en todos los casos similar, sólo difiriendo en la manera en que se reconstruyó el conducto pancreático. Esto dependió fundamentalmente del diámetro del conducto pancreático. Del total de pacientes cuatro debieron ser intervenidos con el objeto de drenar colecciones. Fístulas originadas en la anastomosis pancreatoyeyunal no fueron objetivadas. La calidad de vida de todos los pacientes posterior a la intervención fue buena observándose sólo en un caso insuficiencia pancreática de tipo exocrina