Correlation of visual functions with macular thickness in primary open angle glaucoma

The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between macular thickness on optical coherence tomography [OCT] and 2 visual functions [visual acuity and contrast sensitivity [CS]] in established cases of primary open angle glaucoma [POAG]. A total of 50 consecutive patients of established POAG between 40 years and 70 years of age attending the glaucoma clinic of a tertiary care eye center in North India were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. Best corrected visual acuity [BCVA], CS and macular thickness by spectral-domain-OCT [Cirrus HD-OCT, CarlZeiss, Germany] were evaluated. The groups were compared together by one factor analysis of variance and the significance of mean difference between the groups was done by Newman-Keuls test. Newman-Keuls test revealed a direct relationship of macular thickness to BCVA and CS [P < 0.05]. BCVA and CS are directly related to the macular thickness on OCT.

Evaluating a new surgical dosage calculation method for esotropia

To evaluate a simplified method for correction of ocular deviation in patients of infantile and acquired basic esotropia. Thirty-six consecutive patients of infantile and acquired basic esotropia were selected for this study. Patients underwent unilateral recession-resection surgery as per the new norm gram. Patients underwent 3.5-7 mm recession of medial rectus [MR] in one eye depending on the pre-operative deviation and patient's age. Together they also underwent 6 or 7 mm resection of the lateral rectus [LR] in the same eye depending on patient's age [6 mm for 3 years and below and 7 mm for older age]. In patients 3 years and below, a correction of 6, 7, or 8 PD/mm of recession of MR was expected when the pre-operative deviation was lesser than 30 PD, between 30 and 60 PD, or above 60 PD, respectively. Similarly, these values were 5,6, and 7 PD/mm of MR recession in patients above 3 years. A ratio between achieved and expected correction was calculated and the calculation was deemed successful for a patient if this ratio fell between 0.9 and 1.1. The calculation procedure was successful in 33 out of 36 patients [91%]. The two-tailed probability on paired Wilcoxon test was 0.187. This simplified method of surgical dosage calculation using MR recession as basis is predictable in patients of infantile and basic Esotropia. It may serve as a useful tool for minimizing variability of surgical results

Lipids in biliary lithogenesis

Serum and biliary lipoproteins, total cholesterol [Tc] and triglycerides [TG] were measured in patients with gallstones and in those without gallstones. Serum and biliary LDLc, TG and Tc were significantly higher [P < 0.001] in cases having gall stones than those without stones while HDLc were low [P < 0.001] in those with stones. No difference was found in very low density lipoproteins [VLDLc] in the two groups. Present data showed that there is a statistically significant correlation of serum and biliary lipoproteins specifically LDLc and HDLc [r = +.67 and r = +.56]. This report shows that serum HDLc [67.42%] and LDLc [70.28%] play a more critical role in comparison to total cholesterol [59.43%] and triglyceride [57.15%] levels in the formation of gallstone